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University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
Rana temporaria aurora, Yarrow (1883, pp. 25, 185), part. General range. 
Epirhexis longipes, Yarrow (1883, pp. 24, 176). Locality records. 
Rana temporaria aurora, Cope (1883, p. 28). Status. 
Rana agilis aurora, Cope (1889, pp. 439-440), part. General account. 
Rana dr aytoni draytoni, Cope (1889, pp. 441-443, pi. 51 [fig. 11], text 
fig. 114). General account. 
Rana draytonii, Stejneger (1893, p. 225). At Monterey. 
Rana draytonii, Van Denburgh (1896, p. 1008). Critical; locality records. 
Rana aurora, Chamberlain (1897, p. 259; 1898, pp. 255, 259-260), part. 
Economic status. 
Rana aurora draytonii, Camp (1917&, p. 124). Range. 
Rana draytonii, Stejneger and Barbour (1917, p. 37). General range. 
Rana aurora draytonii, Grinnell and Camp (1917, pp. 148-149, fig. 5). 
Range in California. 
Rana draytonii, Boulenger (1920, pp. 446-448). Critical; range. 
Rana aurora draytonii, Stephens (1921, p. 60). In San Jacinto Moun- 
tains. 
Rana aurora draytonii, Stejneger and Barbour (1923, p. 34). General 
range. 
Rana aurora draytonii, Grinnell and Storer (1924, p. 666). In foothills 
of Yosemite region. 
Diagnosis. — Size large, largest of the native frogs in California; 
head-and-bocly length up to 114 millimeters (4 y 2 inches) ; fold of 
skin along upper lip light-colored ; tympanic membrane smaller in 
diameter than orbit, not prominently set off from surrounding skin, 
usually darker in color than rest of head; dorsal skin thick, often 
roughened with many small papillae ; dorsolateral folds conspicuous ; 
hind leg long, when brought forward along side of body inside angle 
of bent tarsus reaches to or beyond naris; ventral surface of body 
posteriorly, and hind legs, usually with much red in coloration; 
vomerine teeth large, in two clusters between internal nares. 
Comparisons. — Distinguished from Scaphiopus by lack of cutting 
spade on hind foot and by rounded iris; from all Bufonidae by lack 
of parotoid gland and presence of dorsolateral folds ; from Hylidae 
by larger size, absence of greatly expanded tips on all toes and pres- 
ence of dorsolateral folds; from Rana catesbeiana by smaller, less 
conspicuously outlined tympanum, presence of dorsolateral folds, and 
presence of red in coloration; from Rana pipiens by dull light-centered 
instead of black light-margined dorsal spots, presence of red in color- 
ation, and by larger size of adults ; from Rana pretiosa by longer hind 
leg and absence of inky black spots in coloration; from Rana boylii 
by larger vomerine teeth grouped between internal nares, darker 
tympanic region, presence of light-colored fold along upper lip, pres- 
ence of conspicuous dorsolateral folds, and presence of red in ventral 
coloration; from Rana aurora aurora by more prominent dorsolateral 
folds, thicker and rougher skin, larger spots on dorsal surface, and 
by larger size in full grown adults. 
Description (based upon no. 8577, Mus. Vert. Zool., in life). — Form 
robust, stoutest of the native frogs ; head broadly oval in outline from 
above, thick in profile ; end of muzzle acutely rounded ; external nares 
nearer tip of snout than orbit, opening dorsally at side of indistinct 
