1925] 
St over: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 
277 
Description. — Size large, body stout, legs moderately heavy and 
toes of hind feet very fully webbed; head thin in profile, pointedly 
oval in outline from above; canthus rostralis slight; external nares 
opening just below canthus rostralis ; eyes prominent ; interorbital 
width about one-half length of orbit; side of head below eye smooth, 
grading insensibly into surface of tympanic membrane in female, 
separated by a slight ridge in male; a conspicuous smooth, rounded 
fold of skin (1 to 3 mm. wide) from hind border of orbit over dorsal 
and posterior margins of tympanic membrane to shoulder region; 
back relatively smooth, without dorsolateral folds ; exposed portion 
of upper arm shorter than forearm; palm short, without obvious 
tubercles ; digits long, in order of decreasing length, 3, 4, 1, 2; hind 
limb much heavier than fore limb ; femur longer than tibia ; one 
elongate inner metatarsal tubercle; sesamoid tubercles small; toes in 
order of decreasing length, 4, 3, 5, 2, 1; web large, not scalloped, 
including all toes except terminal phalanx of fourth toe. 
Surfaces generally smooth in young individuals, somewhat rough- 
ened in old adults ; under surface of body smooth ; anal region slightly 
granular. 
Tongue wedge-shaped, bilobed behind, rounded at front, width 
about half that of mouth at angles of jaws ; maxillary teeth numerous, 
close set, around entire margin of jaw; internal nares very large, 
transversely oval; vomerine teeth in two concentrated clusters in 
broadly V-shaped arrangement, between internal nares. 
General color of upper surface cress green, with numerous spots 
of dull bone brown (shading to blackish at centers of larger spots) ; 
upper jaw below naris and orbit, near Killarney green; iris mixed 
golden yellow and black; tympanum cress green, darker centrally, 
margin mixed brownish and dark cress green ; ground color of foreleg 
cress green, tinged with brownish and spotted with blackish ; ground 
color of hind leg varying from dull cress green on dorsal surface to 
grayish olive on tarsus; thigh with five or six crossbars and lower 
leg with four or five crossbars of dark brown or blackish ; outer side of 
tarsus with three heavy blackish bars ; toes spotted dorsally with 
blackish; chin wax yellow; belly whitish with faint suggestions of 
dark spots ; buttocks mixed blackish and pale yellow in mottled pattern 
(based on live male from El Verano, Sonoma County). 
Description of larva (based on second-year tadpoles from Sonoma 
Creek and Standard). — Total length 113 to 135 mm.; head-and-body 
41-50 mm. ; greatest width of body 22-30.3 mm. ; internarial width 
5.3-6 mm. ; interorbital width 8-12.5 mm. ; spiraculum sinistral, aper- 
ture directed backward and slightly upward, center of aperture about 
midway of body length ; greatest height over tail fins 25 mm. ; height 
of muscular part of tail 12-17 mm. ; greatest width across mouth 
region 7.8 mm. 
Coloration in life: Upper surface of body greenish olive to dark 
olive, with many minute specks of black ; sides of tail with spots (up 
to 2 mm. in diameter) of yellow; under surface of body yellow to 
white, sometimes mottled with dusky, never iridescent; iris golden 
yellow. Labial teeth in f (or f) rows, above mouth, uppermost com- 
plete, next divided, on either side of mouth, third row if present 
