282 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
practically no data are available concerning the seasonal programs 
of the populations in these various localities. It is to he hoped that 
such observations will soon be made and published in order that a 
basis will be provided to study the matter of possible changes in 
habits. 
Here in California, as in the eastern states, catesbeiana is to be 
found only in places affording permanent pools of water. In fact, 
only in such situations can the species persist, because of the two-year 
period of larval life. It is likely that the stocks of adult frogs would 
perish in the absence of pools of water. In these respects the con- 
ditions in California resemble those in the native habitat of the 
species. But the temperature cycle in California is very different 
from that in the east. In the northeastern states the Bullfrogs 
hibernate during the several winter months when freezing tempera- 
tures prevail. In the California localities where this species has been 
planted (except at Standard) freezing temperatures are seldom 
encountered. The air and water temperatures which accompany the 
spawning of the Bullfrogs at Ithaca, New York, as ascertained by 
Wright (1914), are reached here much earlier in the season. If tem- 
perature is the governing factor, then the seasonal program of cates- 
beiana in California ought to be somewhat earlier than in the eastern 
states. 
Inasmuch as one and perhaps other of the imported stocks of 
catesbeiana in California originated in New T Orleans, it is important 
to know the time of spawning for the species in the southern states, 
but unfortunately there seem to be practically no data available. 
Strecker (1910), at Waco, Texas, gives the time of spawning as 
April 1 to May 10. Study of the effect in this respect of the environ- 
ment on the Bullfrog in California must await publication of data 
for the species in the Gulf States. 
