138 
THE FERNS OF SOUTH AFRICA 
80. A. bipinnatum. Frond two to three-pinnate, sub-coriaceous, 
several pinnules forked or pinnatifid. Segments half-line broad 
in mature plant, broader when young and barren. Sori marginal, 
oblong or longer. 
81. A. theciferum. Fronds somewhat similar. Sori marginal, 
pouches at or near the apex of a pinnule. 
82. A. Hollandii. Frond two to three feet long, four-pinnate ; 
segments half line wide ; sori davallioid. 
83. A. Mannii. Frond three inches long, pinnate or two -pinnate; 
segments club-shaped. 
54. Asplenium Kraussii Moore. 
Plate 43. Fig. 2. Nat. size. 
Crown erect, very slender, slightly paleaceous. Fronds 
green, herbaceous, and delicate, simply pinnate, lanceolate, 
four to six inches long, one-half to three-quarter inch broad, 
with a fragile, green, naked stipe one to three inches long. 
Upper pinnae cuneate, with three to seven sharp teeth; lower 
pinnae as long as broad, nearly square, sessile, connected with 
the rachis at the lower corner ; the lower and inner edges 
straight ; the upper and outer edges sharply toothed ; the 
lowest pair or pairs of pinnae more distant, rather reduced, 
flabellate, and connected at the middle. Veins flabellate. 
Sori one to three to each pinna, alternate. Besides the 
ordinary fronds which are not proliferous, this species pro- 
duces leafless fronds, which bend over and produce young 
plants at the apex. It grows among moss on stones and 
trees in deep shade, and often a whole mass of it is connected 
by these runners. South African only. 
No. 63 Herb. Barkl. seems to be this species, but the 
proliferous fronds are absent. 
Kuhn quotes as a synonym Asp. dentatum Krauss (Fil. 
Natal., 194; Flora , 1846, 13 1 ; Pappe and Rawson, 19), and 
Buchanan and Lady Barkly follow, but the description given 
by Pappe and Rawson applies to A. Sandersoni, not to this 
species; A. dentatum L. is a distinct American species. 
A. Kraussii. Moore, Index , 139, 1859; Hk. Sp. Fit. in. 147, PI. 180 A, 
i860; Hk. and Bkr, Syn. Fit. 195; Kuhn, Fit. Afr. 104; Wood’s 
Natal Ferns , 19 ; C. Chr. Ind. 1 17 ; Sim, Ferns of S. Apr., 1st ed., 131. 
