59 
R. Schomburgh^ Dr. PhiL 
Jungermannias^ wliicli in more or less dense turflike masses 
adhered to the red wall. Cypri])edium Schomburgkianum^ 
Klotzsch and Eeichb., and the pretty Angelonia salicariaefoUa, 
Humb. and BonpL, had taken their places in the crevices. 
The vegetations on both sides of the banks consisted of 
Qualea rosea, AubL, Kielmeyera angustifoUa, Pohl.^ Oomphia, 
Vochysia, white flowering species of Psidiums and Laurus, 
above which rose proud slender palms, gracefully moved by 
the pressure of the air from the falling waters. 
In returning to the summit by another road, we found a 
dense thicket of the remarkable Papatea Friderici Augustz, 
Schomb., gigantic Cyperaceen, especially Diplgsia karataefoUay 
Rich., Oyperus ferax, Rich., Avith its pine- apple-like leaves, 
five to six feet long, Tillandsia hromeliaefolia, Rudge, &c. 
The River Rue comes from the north towards the precipice, 
having a width of thirty to forty feet. The fall and the 
junction of the Rue with the Kukenam is situated under the 
4"" 43' 4!' N. latitude, and 61° 5' W. longitude. 
Enraptured with Avhat Ave had seen through the beautiful 
magic garden of flowers, we Avere especially interested by 
^seeing large trees of the Ladenhergia, At the Humirida 
Mountains, in an altitude of 3,690 feet above the level of the 
6ea, Ave found them only as shrubs, here Ave met them as trees. 
'No other order of plants could probably show a more 
abundant literature than the Cinchoneae, and yet the 
knowledge of the geographical distribution in South America 
of this valuable tree is very limited, as 'every neAV traveller 
has added other discoveries. 
Many are the causes ascribed to the discovery of its won- 
derful effects of alleviating the sufferings of humanity. No 
doubt assertion, made in proof of it belongs to the region of 
legends, by which generally an important discovery is accom- 
panied. According to Geoffroy, an Indian afflicted with fever 
drank out of a pool into which had fallen trees of the fever 
bark, and by drinking had been cured of his illness. According 
to Condamine (although he himself doubts the truth of it), 
the American, tigers, the pumas, were the first that drew the 
attention of men to it, because these animals, Avhich are sup- 
posed to be attacked by fever, cured themselves by gnawing 
the bark of the Cinchona trees. Some of the oldest authors 
ussert that the Indians were acquainted with the qualities of 
the bark before the arrival of the Spaniards ; Avhile others 
again maintain that they did not know its valuable quality. 
It has been proved by later travellers, especially through 
