126 
REVIEW. 
[Nature and Ait, September 1, 1866. 
appear, and immediately commence devouring the walls of 
their prison ; and they continue to do so until the olives are 
ripe. By this time the whole of the pulp of the fruit has 
disappeared, and nothing remains for the mill but a worm- 
eaten olive, that yields but a few drops of bad oil. But the 
worm does not go to the mill with the olive. About the 
time for gathering the fruit, the insect comes out of his 
retreat, and lets himself drop on the ground, into which he 
burrow's to a certain depth, and passes the winter in a state 
of complete torpor. When the warmth of spring begins 
to be felt, he revives, and quits the ground in the form of a 
fly, and this fly deposits her eggs in the young olive-buds. 
The plan of destruction proposed by M. Guerin Meneville, 
when the insects are numerous, is to gather the olives in 
October, when the larvae are but partially developed, and have 
only eaten a portion of the flesh of the fruit, and extract 
the oil at once. The yield may be small, perhaps, and the 
oil not very good ; but it will be worth something', and the 
insects are utterly destroyed for the following year. 
When the habits of each species of insects have thus been 
studied, and the inhabitants of a given district can be made 
to understand the importance of combined action, the means 
of destruction will rarely be very difficult to arrange. Every 
country wants its National Society of Insectology. 
The apple, pear, plum, and other fruit-trees, have also 
suffered terribly by insects whose habits resemble those of 
the Dacus olece above mentioned ; and a useful receipt has 
been given for combating their destructiveness. It has 
been discovered that these insects have an intense horror 
of the smell of vinegar, and it is therefore recommended 
to sprinkle the trees well, by means of a syringe provided 
with a fine rose, with a mixture composed of one quart of 
vinegar to nine quarts of water, the solution being pre- 
viously well stirred, so as to mix the two liquids. This plan 
is recommended by the Imperial Society of Horticulture of 
the Rhone, and it was tested last year by the Director of 
the School of Arboriculture at Lyons, M. Denis, who says 
that the trees so treated were covered with fruit, while 
others were almost completely stripped by the insects. 
The following method against ants and other insects 
which climb up the stems of trees is highly spoken off. 
Take common lamp-oil and expose it to the air for three 
or four days, till it becomes gluey, then take a painter’s 
brush and make a ring around the bole of the tree about 
two f§et above the ground ; the band need not be more than 
two inches wide, and it is said that it will protect the tree 
for four years at least. The operation must be repeated on 
three or four successive days. 
But all the resources of science and all the efforts of 
man seem helpless against such a terrible plague as that of 
the locusts, which has devastated a large portion of Algeria 
for nearly three months. These creatures arrived in swarms 
that actually obscured the light of the sun, and lay on the 
ground over hundreds of square miles many inches deep ; 
the army and the whole population turned out against them ; 
on the sea-board the soldiers chased myriads of them into 
the sea, but inland it was found utterly impossible to pro- 
duce any effect upon them ; they not only devoured the crops, 
but they choked up the rivulets and all small channels, and 
it was with the greatest difficulty that the soldiers could 
prevent the water from becoming putrid. In the presence 
of such a terrible visitation as this, man is almost helpless, 
and is forced to give way before countless legions even of 
insects. The mischief done is enormous, and a subscription, 
headed by a sum of 20,000 francs from the Emperor, has 
been set on foot in Paris to furnish the starving colonists 
with the necessaries of life. There is one slight, very slight, 
compensation in this case ; namely, that the Arabs eat the 
locusts and declare them to be excellent ; one mode of pre- 
paring them is to fry them and preserve them in oil. 
REVIEW. 
Texts from the Holy Bible. Expressed by the Help of the 
Ancient Monuments. With a few Plans and Views. 
By Samuel Shabpe. (Day & Son, Limited.) 
Mb. Shabpe has, in the volume before us, rendered most 
valuable aid in interpreting many passages in Holy Scripture, 
and no one who has perused it will fail to see at once its 
importance and worth. In fact, as a work of reference on 
matters connected with sacred writings, it is invaluable. 
Nothing can be more strangely interesting than to trace 
from figures hewn on the solid rock, carved on the towering 
monolith, or engraved in intricate and delicate tracery on 
the soft alabaster or dense Syenite of some ancient sarco- 
phagus, the close relationship which existed between the 
mythic and figurative belief of the ancient inhabitants of 
Egypt, Assyria, and other localities equally antique, and 
that of the early Jewish people, who followed them on the 
pages of the world’s history. Much that seems vague, un- 
satisfactory, and of obscure meaning, is clearly interpreted 
by the hieroglyphic writings. 
We read, says Mr. Sharpe, in the fifth chapter of St. 
Mark, thirteenth verse, as follows : — “ And the unclean 
spirits went out and entered into swine.” 
In the annexed cut (an extract from the above work), 
taken from a drawing of the sarcophagus of Oimenepthah, 
we have the Egyptian god Osiris seated as judge of the 
dead. The human race are coming up the steps of his 
throne to be judged. “ Before him is placed the great pair 
of scales. In one scale is the soul of the dead man in the 
form of a bird, as in p. 3, but the sculptor has omitted from 
the other scale the figure of Truth, against which the soul 
is usually weighed. At a distance in a boat, is the soul of 
a wicked man sent into the body of a pig, and given 
into the charge of an ape. On a papyrus in the British 
Museum, we see the soul of a good man sent into the body 
of a ram. These pictures explain the Egyptian opinion of 
the transmigration of souls ; and show that they held the 
same opinion with the Jews about the impurity of swine.” 
It is remarkable that many of the religious traditions and 
customs of the Hindoos should so closely resemble those of 
the ancient Egyptians. Maha Deo, or Siva, together with 
his consort Parvati, are deities in high repute throughout 
Western India. He has been compared to Osiris, to Saturn, 
and Jupiter. He is said to delight in human sacrifices ; 
represents Time, and as with Osiris the ox, apes are sacred 
