140 
MARKS AND MONOGRAMS, POTTERY, &c. 
[Nature and Art, October 1, 1866. 
the English Roman Catholics from their oath of ' 
allegiance.” 
The following lines, quoted by Mr. Chaffers, from 
“The Ordinary” (act iii. , sc. 3), show that the 
warning designation of “ Conscience,” was also ■ 
applied in Ben Jonson’s time to these bearded jugs, j 
“ Thou thin", 
Thy belly looks like to some strutting: hill, 
O’ershadowed with thy rough beard, like a wood, 
Or, like a larger jug', that some men call 
A Bellarrmine, but we a Conscience, 
Whereon the lewder hand of Pagan workman 
Over the proud ambitious head hath carved 
An idol large, with beard Episcopal, 
Making the vessel look like tyrant Eglon.” 
The specimen which we reproduce, was found 
on the site of the Old Boar’s Head in Eastcheap, 
which gives it additional interest, and one cannot 
but wish that the excavators had been fortunate 
enough to discover a specimen of the cups, of what- 
ever material, from which, according to Shakespeare, 
Jack Ealstaff quaffed his sack a century earlier. 
There is a humorous old song of note, familiar, 
perhaps, to many of our readers, which from its 
kindred, though more poetic fancy, and its quaint, 
however remote, connection with our subject, we 
are here tempted to quote. Its title is “ The Brown 
Jug,” imitated from the Latin of Hieronymus 
Amaltheus, by the Rev. Francis Fawkes, a learned 
and sociably-disposed ecclesiastic and friend of 
Johnson and Wharton, who lived between 1721 
and 1777. 
“ Dear Tom, this brown jug, wliich now foams with mild 
ale 
(In which I will drink to sweet Nan of the vale), 
Was once Toby Fillpot, a thirsty old soul 
As e’er drank a bottle, or fathomed a bowl ; 
In boosing about, ’twas his praise to excel, 
And among jolly topers he bore off the bell. 
“ It chanced, as in dog-days, he sat at his ease, 
In his flower-woven arbour, as gay as you please, 
With a friend and a pipe, puffing sorrows away, 
And with honest old stingo was soaking his clay ; 
His breath-doors of life on a sudden were shut, 
And he died full as big as a Dorchester butt. 
“ His body, when long in the ground it had lain, 
And time into clay had resolved it again, 
A potter found out in its covert so snug, 
And with part of fat Toby he form’d this brown jug, 
Now sacred to friendship, and mirth and mild ale ; 
So here’s to my lovely sweet Nan of the vale.” 
Earlier mention should have been made of Saxon 
pottery, of which a short summary is given, but 
there seems but little to be said on it, beyond that 
“ it is generally rude, whilst the glass is elegant,” 
a fact most curious, and well deserving attention, 
investigation, and explanation. 
For a considerable period earthenware appears 
to have been held in rather low esteem, and to have 
fallen into disuse. But few vessels were manu- 
factured in England, and those generally of a coarse 
kind ; all of the better sort came from abroad, 
and a lucrative monoplv existed in the trade by 
Royal grants. One vessel, however — but whether 
of English or foreign fabric is uncertain — the 
| “ Crusekyn,” is mentioned in an inventory of 
Edward If. (1324), and was mounted in silver. 
The word is still in use in Ireland, and is familiar 
to all who remember the long famous and favourite 
song “ The Cruiskeen Lawn,” recently made more 
popular among Londoners in the exciting drama of 
“ The Colleen Bawn.” By degrees, enterprise dis- 
covered afresh what the Romans, as we have seen, 
found out centuries before, that capabilities existed 
fora home manufacture; and in 1G2 6 permission 
was granted by Royal Letters Patent to two persons, 
probably, it has been suggested, foreigners by birth, 
to carry it on. The document is, we think, of 
sufficient interest and value to be extracted in spite 
of its length. 
“ Whereas, we have been given to understand by our 
loving subjects Thomas Rous, or Ruis, and Abraham Cullyn, 
of the City of London, merchants, that heretofore and at 
this present, this our kingdom of England, and other our 
dominions, are, and have been served with stone pottes, 
stone jugges, and stone bottells out of foreign pai-tes, from 
beyond the seas, and they have likewise shewed unto us 
that by their industry and charge, not only the materials 
but also the art and manufacture may be found out and 
performed, never formerly used within this our kingdom of 
England by any, which profitable invention they have already 
attempted and in some good measure proceeded in, and hope 
to perfect ; by which many poore and unprofitable people 
may be sett on work and put to labour and good employment. 
We therefore grant our Royal privilege for the sole making 
of the stone pottes, stone jugges, and stone bottells, for the 
term of fourteen years, for a reward for their invencion, and 
they have voluntarily offered unto us for the same a yearly 
rent of five pounds towards our revenue, soe long as they 
have benefittc by this our grant, neyther do they desire by 
virtue of such grant to hinder the importacion of these 
commodities by others from foreign parts.” 
It may be presumed that it was after one of these 
grantees — conjectured to have been a native of 
Cologne — that the name of “culling” was given to 
the jugs manufactured by them. “ These vessels 
were of a sort of mottled grey or brown, and their 
necks were plain, and not bearded as the Bellar- 
rnines ;” but, like them, they were unglazed. Two 
more vessels must be mentioned, the “ Costril ” and 
the “ Tyg,” both of coloured glazed ware. The 
former was pierced for a cord, so that it might be 
carried on the person like the wooden barrel carried 
by labourers, for which the same name is still in use.* 
The latter, of which the name (of Saxon origin) 
still survives in Staffordshire, is more remarkable. 
* Marryat’s History, p. 140. 
