THE FERNS OF NORTH-WESTERN INDIA. 
base of each costa. The involucres are olive-green or olive-brown. The 
pinnae in large fronds are sometimes almost completely pinnate, but the pinnules 
are sessile with a broad base. In a frond from the Mackinnons I find the 
terminal pinna 13 in. L by in. br., and a pair of side pinnae 13 in. by 6 in. 
The fern loves water. 
Sub-genus P^esia, St. Hilaire. 
8. P. aquilina, L. ; Syn. Fil. 115 ; C. R. 468 ; Bedd., H. B. 115. 
Trans-Ind. States : Baraul 7060', Harris, Gatacre. 
Kashmir : Gilgit. — Shankargarh (?) Dr. Giles ; Gulmarg, Nagmarg, Sonamarg. 
Punjab: Hazara. —Black Mt., Du thie, near Thandiana 8000',. Trotter. Chamba ; 
Kullu ; Simla Reg. : common. 
N.-W. P. : JD. D. Hist. ; common in the Himalaya, and once seen in the Ddn near 
foot of hills below 300(K, Hope ; T. Garh. ; Kumaun. 
Distrib.— All round the world, both within the Tropics, and in the North and 
South Temperate Zones, unless it be absent from South Temperate America, from which 
there are no specimens inKew Herbarium (Syn. Fil.), S. Amor. Brazil, var. esculenta , 
Europe : universal, except in the extreme north, and never an Alpine plant : range in 
the British Isles said to agree closely with that of corn cultivation, and in the Scottish 
Highlands never above 2000 '"{Britten, in “European Ferns* 1 ). Asia : N. Ind. 
(Him.) very common j Assam — Khasi Hills 2*8000-, common. S. Ind. — Deccan; 
Madras Presidency. Burma — Tenasserim. Malay Penins.,and Eastward to Australia 
and N. Zeal. Afr. : Cameroon Mts. Abyssinia. 
This fern is so common in the Himalaya that few specimens are to be found 
in herbariums in the North-West. Bat I have never seen such thickets and 
fields of it as are common in the United Kingdom. 
Sub-genus Campteria,. Presl. 
9. P. biaurita, L. ; Syn. Fil. 164 ; C. R. 469. Campteria biaurita, L. 
(under Pteris ), Bedd., H. B. 116. 
N.-W. P. : B.D.Dist. — In thei Ddn 2000' and upwards, by Btreams or springs, 
Mackinnons, Hope ; Garhwal — Clarke ; Kumaun— Barmdeo, 900', S. and W.; Gola 
Valley 3-4000', Hope. 
Distrib.— The following is the entry in Wallich’s Catalogue, under 106, Pteris 
nemvraltSf Willd., which is given as a synonym by Clarke, though not by Willdenow 
himself , who says they are different : — u Pteris nemoralis , Wild, species admodum 
varians. 
1 . 
2 . 
3, 
Napalia, 1820, * est Pt. biaurita 1 
(in Hook's writing). 
Penang, 1822, ‘est Pt. biaurita ’ 
(in Hook's writing). 
Hurdwar et Dehra Ddn, 1825. 
4. Montes Avsb, 1826- 
5. Montes ad Sylhet, De Silva. 
6. Kumaun, R. B. 
7. Pt. biaurita and Pt. guadriaurita. 
Herb. Hegra.’* 
The plant seems to be found in almost all the warm parts of the globe : — Amer . — 
Trop .: from the W. Ind. southward to Brazil. Asia : N. Ind. (Him. and Sub-Him. 
Valleys) — Sikkim and Bhotan, up to 6000' ; Assam— Dharang, Khasia 0-6000'. 
Bengal— extending over the plains to Dh&ka, Pubna, &c., Parasu&th Mt. 4400'. 
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