THE FERNS OF NORTH-WESTERN INDIA . 
223 
9. N. TlielypteriS, Dew. ; Syn. Fil. 271 ; C. R. 517, Lastrea 
TMypteris , Zto., Bedd. B. B. 241. 
Kashmir : H. & T. in Herb. Brit. Mus. ; Bandipur 5600', Jacquemont, T. T. ; 
Srinagar— City Lake 6600', Levinge 1876, Gammie 1891; Gh&ntamula 6000', 
McBonell 1891; “all through the Lolab Yy. 6000', v MacLeod 1891; Punjal, 
McDonell. 
Punjab ; Chamba — Chenab Yy. ; Kaji&r Lake 6000', McDonell 1885, Kajl&r bog 
6500', Trotter 1887 ; Simla Reg.— Kun&war T. T. 
Distrib. — N. Amer. ; Canada, common ; U. S„— as far south as Texas and 
Florida ; Bermuda. Eur. : “ throughout N. and Centr. Europe ; rarer towards south : 
absent from Spanish Pemnsula, and rare in Italy, but found in Corsica. England 
widely distributed, but not common : Scotland— infreqUt. : Ireland— rare and local, 
though found in many widely-separated localities (Britten in ‘European Ferns '). 
Asia : Palestine. S. India— Nilgiris, in swamp near Ootacamund 7000'. Turkestan, 
Amurland, and Mandschuria. Japan. Australasia — New Zealand. Afr. : Angola ; 
Cape Colony. Natal. Transvaal. E. Matabeli Land. Madagascar. 
The wide-creeping rhizome and roots, and young stipes and fronds 
before they develope are very black, as is also the lower inch or two of 
the stipes of fully developed fronds. This is in striking contrast with tk> pale 
yellowish green of the fronds. 
10. N. FiliX-mas, Rich. ; Syn. Fil. 272 ; C. R. 519. Lastrea Filix- 
mcts , Linn, (under Polypodium ), Bedd. H. B. 248. 
Trans-Ind. States : Baraul — Lowari Pass 9500' Dr. Harris, 1895. 
Kashmir : Pir Panjal — “ in excelsioribus, toigrentis, prope Hirpour, 11 Jacquem. 
38 (No. 586), small but typical ; Rembi&ra Vy. 65.7000', Trotter No. 191, 1888 ; 
Lidderwat 9000', Trotter No. 404, 1889 ; Kitar Daji 6000', and Sarpat 10,000', Mc- 
Donell 1891 ; Kachal Pass 10,000' and Dangiara 6500', McDonell 1894 ; Bing N61a 
8000', and Kashmir (loc. ?) MacLeod 1891 ; Katnrr Vy.— above Gumin Village 
10-11,000', Duthie, No. 12524, 1892. 
Punjab : Chamba— Ravi Vy., Chatri Forest 9500', McDonell 1882, Barmaur 
9000', McDonell in Herb. Gamble ; Kullu— Jalori Pass. 9000', Trotter 1887 ; Simla 
Region— Hatu Mt., Bliss 1891 ; Basahr, Brandis in Herb. Hort. Sahar. 
N.-W. P. : T. Garb ,.— Dwantigadh 8000', Gamble No. 24235, 1898 ; (loc. ?)» 
Herschell. 
Distrib. - Amer. : from Greenland, westward and southward, along the Rocky 
Mts. and Andes to Peru (but this includes N. patentissima : see No. 10 below). Eur. : 
throughout. Asia N. l eastwards to China and Japan. Afr. : Abyssinia ; Azores and 
Macaronesia. 
Reddome in his Handbook (1883) gave as a synonym for this species Lastrea 
odontoloma , Moore (which he had figured, though but imperfectly, in his F. 
S. 1 , tx 114), remarking that it was typical Filix-mas . In the Handbook the 
reference is to t. 14 of F. S. I., and this misprint is repeated in the Supplement 
of 1892, in which Moore’s plant is given as Lastrea F.-mas , var. odontoloma , 
Moore. Elsewhere in the Supplement Beddome says the name odontoloma was 
given by Moore to Clarke’s var. 2 , normahs of F.-mas. * Moore, being 
12 
