SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY HETEROPYGII. 
57 
vi, p. 6 et seq., with hgs., Jan., 1872. Wyman, Mss. notes and drawings in Put- 
nam, Amer. Nat., vi, p. 16 et seq., 1872. Putnam, Amer. Nat., vi. p. 116. Feb., 
1872 (additional note on the young). 
Plate 1 (American Naturalist, Vol. vi, Jan., 1872). Fig. 1. Brain, nerves and 
organ of hearing of speZcei^s; enlarged; a, olfactory lobes and nerves; 
h, cerebral lobes; c, optic lobes; d, cerebellum; e, organ of hearing, showing the 
semicircular canals, with the otolite represented in iilace by the dotted lines;/, 
medulla oblongata ; 5^, optic nerves and eye specks. Fig. 2. Otolite, enlarged. 
Fig. 3. Eye, magnified (natural size one-sixteenth of an inch in length) ; a, optic 
nerve; h, sclerotic membrane; c, layer of colorless cells; d, layer of pigment cells 
(iris?); e, lens. Fig. 4. Lens, enlarged and showing the cells. Fig. 5. Eye, en- 
larged, showing the muscular bands, a, a, a, a; h, the lens pressed out of place; c, 
the optic nerve. Fig. 6. Top of head, showing canals under the skin, natural 
size. The two black dots and lines indicate the ej^es and optic nerves in iiosition. 
Fig. 7. Top of head, showing the arrangement of the ridges of papillae, nat. size. 
Fig. 8. One of the ridges of papillae from the head, magnified. Fig. 9. Three of 
the papillae from the-ridge, still more magnified, showing the cup-shaped summit 
and projecting filament. Fig. 10. A portion of the ridge magnified, and treated 
with acid, to show the arrangement of the nervous plexus supplying the papillae 
with nervous filaments from a branch (a) of the fifth pair. FiG. 11 . Epithelial cells 
from the head. Fig. 12. Epithelial cells from the body. 
Plate 2. Fig. 1. Natural size; la, stomach and pyloric appendages, twice nat. 
size; 16, scale, magnified (nat. size represented by the small outline on the lelt 
ov<er the figure); Ic, abdominal cavity, showing position of stomach and single- 
ovary, nat. size. 
Head more than half as wide as it is long. Length of head, from 
tip of jaw to end of operculum, contained nearly twice in length of 
body from operculum to base of caudal fln. 
Dorsal and anal fins of equal size, rounded, anal commences under 
third ray of dorsal. 
Pectorals pointed, reaching to commencement of dorsal. 
Ventrals pointed, nearly reaching to commencement of anal. 
Caudal broad, long and pointed, membrane, enclosing simple rays 
above and below, continuing slightly on the tail. 
Scales small, longer than broad, with quadrangular centre and from 
8 to 12 concentric lines, which are broken and reduced in number an- 
teriorly and crossed by numerous radiating furrows posteriorly.* 
Colorless, or nearly so, with transparent fins. 
Measurements. Largest specimen, 4-5 inches total length. Smallest 
specimen, 1-9 total length. 
Geographical distribution. Subterranean streams in Kentucky and 
Indiana. 
Specimens examined : — 
Prof. Wyman’s Collection. 
7 specimens. Half grown and adults. Mammoth Cave. 
:Museum of Comparative Zoology. 
7 specimens. No. 778. Half grown and cf ? adults. Mammoth Cave. 
1 specimen. No.—. Two-thirds grown. Cave near Lost River, Orange Co., Ind. 
* The scales described were in every instance taken from the 2d or 3d row un- 
der the dorsal fin. 
