54 
PLUVIALINiE. VANELLUS. 
forehead black, with a white band, the hind-head grey; a 
black band from the bill under the eye to the ear-coverts ; a i 
ring of white including the throat, succeeded by a broad ring 
of black ; lower parts of the body white. Young without the 
black collar and bands on the head, in other respects like the 
adult, but tinged with brown above, and having all the feathers j 
margined with a paler tint. 
Male, . ., 4 T 4 2, T 5 ^ and -J, 1, T \, T \. Female, 6. 
A young individual of this species, killed at Shoreham in 
Sussex, is in the possession of Mr H. Doubieday of Epping. 
The species is not uncommon on the Continent, and appears 
to be as extensively distributed as the rest. It is said to be 
less frequently seen on the sea-coast than on the banks of 
rivers, where it breeds, laying on the sand its four eggs, | 
which are somewhat more than an inch long, pale greyish- 
yellow, dotted with blackish-brown and bluish-grey. 
Charadrius minor, Temm. Man. d’Ornith. ii. 542. — Chara- 
drius minor, Little Sand-Plover, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, iv. 
GENUS XCL VANELLUS. LAPWING. 
The Lapwings differ from the Plovers chiefly in having 
a small hind toe, scutella instead of scales on the front of 
the tarsi, and in the form of the wing, which, in place of 
being narrow and acuminate, is broad toward the end, and 
rounded. They vary in size from that of a .Ringed Sand- 
Plover to that of a Whimbrel. The body is moderately full ; 
the neck of ordinary length ; the head rather small, com- 
pressed, much rounded above. Bill rather short, straight, 
slender, compressed ; upper mandible with the dorsal line 
straight and slightly decimate for two-thirds of its length, 
then convexo-declinate, the edges soft and slightly inflected, 
the nasal groove long, the tip rather obtuse ; lower mandible 
with the angle rather long and narrow, the dorsal line as- 
cending and slightly convex, the sides concave at the base, 
the edges inflected, the tip narrow, but blunt ; the gape-line 
straight. Mouth extremely narrow ; palate with two longi- 
tudinal ridges, anteriorly with a papillate ridge ; tongue 
narrow, channelled above, trigonal, tapering ; oesophagus 
narrow ; proventriculus oblong ; stomach a roundish, large, 
very muscular gizzard, with thick and very firm lateral mus- 
cles, radiated tendons, and dense, longitudinally rugous epi- 
