158 
ANSERINJE. CYGNUS. 
grey, the feathers margining the forehead and cheeks red- 
dish. 
Male, 54, 86, 22-^, 3^, 4, 4y 9 ^, -f|r. 
This species, common in North America, and first distin- 
guished and minutely described by Dr Sharpless of Philadel- 
phia, has not hitherto been observed in Europe. In February 
1841, I obtained in Edinburgh, through the attention of my 
friend Mr Mactier, who purchased it for me from a poulterer, a 
young swan, which, having eighteen feathers in the tail, and 
being of small size, I supposed to belong to the next species. 
But, on dissecting it, I found differences indicative of a dis- 
tinct species, and on comparing its sternum, windpipe, and 
digestive organs with those of Cygnus Americanus, I found 
it to belong to that species. It was a young male, of a very 
pale grey colour, with the head darker. Its dimensions were 
as follows : 
Length 46-J inches ; extent of wings 80 ; wing from flex- 
ure 20-J-; tail bill along the ridge 3 T %; from the joint 
from the eye 4^, its height at the base I its breadth 
near the end 1J, about the middle 1 T 2 ^; tarsus 4; hind toe 
T V? its claw f \ ; second toe 3 T 7 ^, its claw j%’, third toe 4 T 8 ¥ , 
its claw x 7 ^ ; fourth toe 4 T %, its claw T V 
In the adult the trachea enters the crest of the sternum, 
extends beyond it, forming a horizontal loop, then returns, 
enters the thorax to the distance of two inches ; the syrinx less 
compressed than in Cygnus musicus, being more than half an 
inch in breadth ; the bronchi an inch and three-fourths long. 
In the young individual mentioned above it entered the 
cavity in the crest of the sternum to the distance of three 
inches, forming a vertical loop, then entered the thorax to 
the distance of two inches ; the bronchi an inch and a half 
in length. (Esophagus thirty-three inches long ; the gizzard 
transversely elliptical, four inches and eight-twelfths in 
breadth ; the intestine eleven feet ten inches in length ; the 
cceca fifteen inches long ; the rectum ten inches. The head 
and bill agreed precisely in every respect with a prepared 
head of a young Cygnus Americanus in my collection. But 
the very minute details and comparisons on which my opi- 
nion is founded would occupy too much space here. 
Cygnus Americanus, Dr Sharpless, Amer. J ourn. Science 
and Arts, vol. xxii. — Cygnus Americanus, Audubon, Amer. 
Ornith. Biogr. v. 133. — Cygnus Americanus, American Swan, 
MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, v. 
