FULIGULINiE. 
175 
FAMILY XLIII. FULIGULINiE. FULIGU- 
LINE BILLS, OL SCAUP-DUCKS. 
In popular language the F uligulinae are named Ducks 
as well as the Anatinse, and in truth the differences be- 
tween the two groups are very slight. The Fuligulinse, 
however, may be distinguished by their having the body 
shorter, fuller, and more depressed, their neck shorter 
and thicker, and by their having appended to the hind toe 
a distinct membranous lobe, much larger than that of the 
Anatinae. They may be characterized as follows Bill 
about the length of the head, or shorter, nearly as broad 
as high at the base, gradually depressed, and rounded ; 
upper mandible with the frontal angles various, the ridge 
flattened at the base, the sides convex toward the end, 
the unguis obovate or roundish, decurved, usually large, 
sometimes small. Mouth rather narrow ; anterior palate 
concave, with a medial prominent line, and on each side a 
series of transverse thin lamellae ; similar but smaller 
lamellae on the sides of the lower mandible; tongue fleshy, 
deeply grooved above, with lateral series of bristles, and 
a thin broadly rounded tip ; oesophagus of moderate 
width, or rather narrow ; stomach a very large, trans- 
versely elliptical gizzard,, placed obliquely, with very 
large muscles, thick rugous epithelium, and somewhat 
concave grinding surfaces ; intestine very long, and of 
moderate width ; coeca long. Trachea often with dilata- 
tions, the lower larynx with a very large osseous or 
partly membranous dilatation, bulging more on the left 
side. Nostrils oblong, moderate, or small. Eyes small. 
Legs very short, and placed rather far behind ; tarsus 
very short, compressed, with anterior small scutella ; hind 
toe small, with an inferior compressed lobe ; two outer 
toes about equal, and longer than the tarsus ; interdigi- 
