182 
FULlGULINiE. CLANGULA. 
Abundant in winter on the eastern coasts of America. ! 
Sometimes occurs also on the coasts of Europe. Mr Gould 
states that he has received a female killed in the Frith of 
Forth. 
Black Duck. Surf Duck. Great-billed Scoter. 
Anas perspicillata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 201. —Anas perspi- 
cillata, Lath. Ind. Ornith. ii. 847. — Oidemia perspicillata, 
Surf Scoter, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, v. 
GENUS CXXXI. CLANGULA. GARROT. 
The species of this genus are inferior in size to the Eiders 
and Scoters, to which they seem to be nearly allied. The 
body is full, ovate, compact, and depressed ; the neck rather ; 
short, and thick ; the head large, oblong, compressed, and 
rounded above. Bill shorter than the head, much higher 
than broad at the base, gradually depressed, and with its 
breadth moderately diminished to the end, which is rounded ; | 
upper mandible with the lateral sinuses broad and rounded, 
the basal angles short or moderate, the ridge flattened and i 
broad at the base, the unguis large and convex, the edges 
thin, with little elevated lamellae, which do not project. 
Mouth of moderate width ; tongue fleshy, papillate at the 
base, deeply grooved above, lvith the edges posteriorly ser- 
rate, anteriorly lamelloso-flbrillate, the tip thin, and semi- 
circular ; oesophagus of moderate width ; stomach large, 
transversely elliptical, little compressed, with very strong 
muscles, and dense epithelium ; intestine rather long and 
wide ; coeca long and rather narrow. Trachea generally I 
much enlarged about the middle, with an extremely large | 
bony and membranous tympanum. Nostrils oblong, medial. 
Eyes small. Aperture of ear small. Legs very short, and 
placed rather far behind ; tarsus compressed, with small an- 
terior scutella ; hind toe very slender, with a lobiform mem- - 
brane ; anterior toes nearly double the length of the tarsus ; 
interdigital membranes full ; claws small, slender, com- 
pressed, rather blunt. Plumage dense, soft, blended ; wings 
short, narrow, convex ; the second quill longest, the first 
scarcely shorter ; tail short, graduated, of sixteen stifiish, 
rounded feathers. 
The Garrets inhabit the colder regions, retiring southward 
