196 
MERGANSERIIOS. MERGANSER. 
the feathers edged with white ; the breast and abdomen 
white, the sides grey ; the upper parts brownish-grey, the 
feathers edged with paler ; the white patch on the wing as 
in the male, but not extending to the smaller wing-coverts, 
which are grey, and thus having only one dark band. Young 
similar to the female, but more brown above. 
Male, 24J, 30, 9£, 2j, Hf, 2^, T %. Female, 22|, 28£. 
The summer residence of this species is in the northern 
parts of both continents, from the colder temperate regions 
to the borders of the polar ice. In winter it advances south- 
ward, and is common in Scotland, betaking itself chiefly to 
streams and lakes, but also to estuaries and the open sea. 
Many breed in the Hebrides, Orkney, and Shetland Islands. 
The eggs, from five to ten, are oval, cream-coloured, or very 
pale buff, two inches and a half in length, an inch and three- 
fourths in breadth. The flesh is not in request, being tough 
and oily. Small fishes of various kinds are the ordinary 
food of this species. The trachea of the male has a single 
oblong dilatation, besides the enormous tympanum, while 
that of the last species has two. 
Fed-breasted Merganser. Harle. Gool-Duck. 
Mergus serrator, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 208.— Mergus serrator, 
Lath. Ind. Ornith. ii. 829. — Mergus serrator, Temm. Man. 
d’Grnith. ii. 884. — Mergus serrator, Bay-necked Merganser, 
MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, v. 
269. Merganser cucullatus. Hooded Goosander. 
Male with the bill nearly as long as the head, an inch and 
three-fourths in length, three-twelfths in breadth behind the 
unguis ; a large, longitudinal, compressed, semicircular black 
crest, with an angular patch of white behind ; head, upper 
neck, hind part of lower, and the greater part of the back, 
black ; lower fore-neck and breast white ; two transverse 
curved black lines on each side before the wing ; sides yel- 
lowish-brown, finely undulated with black ; primary quills 
and coverts brownish-black ; outer secondary quills and co- 
verts greenish-black, white toward the end ; inner, white 
with black margins. Female with the crest smaller and de- 
cur ved ; the upper part of the head reddish-brown, cheeks 
and upper neck greyish-brown ; throat greyish-white ; lower 
part of neck grey ; back blackish -brown ; wings without 
white on the inner secondaries ; lower parts greyish-white, 
sides dusky brown. Young similar to the female, more 
tinged with brown above, and faintly barred with grey be- 
neath. 
