388 
PTARMIGAN. 
their length, except in the middle ones ; the outer feather is very slen- 
der, and nearly an inch longer than the second, the others decrease in 
length proportionahly, till the whole length of the four middle feathers 
is not above half so long as the outer ; legs and toes rufous-brown ; 
claws dusky black, not much hooked, and the middle claw long, imper- 
fectly pectinated on the inside, and truncated. 
We are informed this species inhabits Germany, particularly the bor- 
ders of the Rhine, near Strasburgh, and is sometimes seen in France, 
especially Lorraine ; but is most plentiful in the Deserts towards the 
Caspian Sea, frequenting the dry plain in great flocks. Is also common 
throughout the, whole Desert of Independent Tartary, as far as the 
rivers Kamyschlossca and Irtish, but no further in Siberia ; and in 
general is not observed beyond fifty-three degrees to the northward. 
Another specimen was killed by Mr. Bullock in Unst, in Zetland, the 
13th of August, 1812. 
PROCELL ARIA (Linnaeus.) — * Petrel, a genus thus character- 
ised. Bill of mean length, or longer than the head, very hard, cutting, 
depressed and dilated at the base ; point compressed, arched, both the 
mandibles channelled, suddenly bent to a point, the under one com- 
pressed and grooved, forming an angle ; nostrils prominent upon the 
surface of the bill, reunited and concealed in a tube, which forms a 
single opening, or shews two distinct orifices ; legs middle sized, often 
long, slender, shanks compressed ; three toes before, long, wholly 
webbed ; hind toe wanting, all but a claw much pointed ; wings long’, 
the first quill the longest.* 
PROVENTRICULUS. — * Stomach-porch, an enlargement of the 
gullet before it enters the true stomach or gizzard, and well supplied 
with glands. This is very large in the ostrich, small in poultry, and 
wanting in the kingfisher.^ It is also termed Bulbus glandulosus* 
PTARMIGAN (^Lagopus vulgaris^ Vieillot.) 
*Tetrao Lagopus, Linn. Syst. 1. p. 274. 4. — Faun. Suec. No. 203 — Gmel. Syst. 1. 
p. 749. — Raii, Syn. p. 55. 5. — Will. p. 127. — Briss. 1. p. '216. 12. — Tetrao 
rupestris, Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 751. sp. 24 — Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. p. 640. sp. 11. — 
Lagopus vulgaris, Flem. Br. Anim. p. 43 Le Lagopede, Buff. Ois. 9. p. 264. 
t. 9. — Ib. pi. Enl. 129. female in -winter plumage, and pi. 494. female assuming 
the summer plumage..^ — L’Attagas blanc. Buff. Ois. 2. p. 262. — Tetras Ptaimi- 
gan, Temm. Man. d’Orn. 2. p. 468. — Ih. Pig. et Gall. 3. p. 185. t. anat. 10. f. 
1. 2. and 3 Haasenflissige Waldhuhn, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. 3. p. 1347 — 
Meyer, Tasschenb. Deut. 1. p. 298. — Ih. Vbg. Deut. 2. t. Heft. 19. winter and 
summer plumage. — Ptarmigan, Br. Zool. 1. No. 95. t. 43 — Arct. Zool. 2. p. 
315. D. — Lewin's Br. Birds, 4. t. 134. — Lath. Syn. 4. p. 741. 10. — Wale. Syn. 
Blumenbach, Anat. Comp., p. 97. 
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