TURNSTONE, 
521 
two ; and the black on the breast is intermixed with brown, as well as 
the plumage in general being of a rusty brown : such are probably birds 
of the first or second year. 
The female resembles the other sex in markings ; but where that is 
black this is of a rusty brown ; the sides are also brown, which in the 
male are white ; and the head wants the crest. This, however, is some- 
times the case in young male birds. 
The Tufted Duck is not uncommon with us in winter ; it is fre- 
quently seen in our fresh waters as late as the latter end of March ; 
but is difficult to shoot, by reason of its incessant diving. They are 
often brought to market and sold for wigeons. It is found in all the 
northern parts of Europe, and in America. During the spring it is 
found upon the coast, and in the autumn upon the lakes and rivers of 
the interior. 
* Scopoli has noticed a variety as large as a mallard, with a yellowish 
bill ; and another, of a less size, with a band or speculum on the wing 
of shining green, above which is a rufous one, and beneath a black 
band. It is much to be doubted, however, if these are the same species ; 
such do not seem to have been noticed in England ; and indeed the 
great speculum in the wing of the latter should forbid it, as this in 
general is a pretty clear mark of distinction in the duck tribe. The 
male of this species possesses a labyrinth. * 
TULIAC. — A name for the Skua. 
TURDUS (LiNNiEus.) — * Thrush, a genus thus characterised. Bill 
slightly bending towards the point, which is rather compressed ; the 
upper mandible notched ; gape furnished with few bristles ; nostrils, at 
the sides of the base, oval, and partly covered by a naked membrane ; 
toes three before and one behind ; the outer toe joined at its base to 
the middle one, which is shorter than the shank ; of the wings, the first 
quill is short, and the third and fourth are the longest.* 
TURNSTONE {Strepsilas coUaris, Temminck.) 
Tringa Interpres, Linn. Syst. 1. p. 248. 4. — Gmel. Syst. 2. p. 671. — -Lath. Ind. 
Orn. 2. p. 738. 45. — Tringa Morinella, Linn. Syst. 1. p. 249. 6. — Morinellus 
marinus, Raii, Syn. p. 112. A. 5 — Will. p. 231. t. 58. — Arenaria, Briss. 5. p. 
132. 1. — lb. 8vo. 2. p. 246. — Strepsilas collaris, Temm. Man. d’Orn. 2. p. 553. 
— Strepsilas Interpres, Flem. Br. Anim. p. 110. — Arenaria cinerea, Briss. 5. p. 
137. 2. t. 11. f. 2. — Ib. 8vo. 2. p. 247. — Le Tournepierre, Buff. Ois. 8. p. 130. 
t. 10. — Hebridal Sandpiper, Br. Zool. 2. No. 200. — Arct. Zool. 2. No. 382. — 
Turnstone, or Sea Dotterel, Br. Zool. 2. No. 199. — Ib. fob 125. t. E. 2. f. 2. — 
Will. (Angl.) p. 311. — Edw. t. 141 Lath. Syn. 5. p. 188. 37.— Ib. Supp. p. 
249. — Lewin’s Br. Birds, 5. t. 179. — Wale. Syn. 2. t. 153 Pult. Cat. Dorset. 
p. 15. — Bewick’s Br. Birds, 2. — Mont. Orn. Diet. 
This species is about the size of a thrush ; length nine inches and a 
