580 
YELLOW HAMMER. 
tail coverts white ; the sides under the wings barred with dusky ; the 
smaller coverts of the wings, on the ridge, dusky ; the next inclining 
to ferruginous ; the larger ones cinereous-brown, light at the tips ; 
greater quill-feathers black ; shafts white ; the outer webs slightly 
edged with white half way down ; inner webs white at the base ; the 
secondary quills dusky from their points, half way ; base white ; those 
next the body ferruginous, like the scapulars, barred with black ; the 
rump and upper tail coverts white ; the two middle feathers of the 
tail dusky black ; the rest white half way from the base ; ends black ; 
legs near four inches long, and black ; the thighs bare of feathers full 
an inch above the knee. In some, the breast is streaked with black ; 
others mottled rufous and white ; and the upper tail coverts barred 
with rufous and brown. 
The specimen from which the above description is taken, was sent to 
us by some unknown friend : it was killed early in the autumn. It is 
a rare species in England, not frequently met with ; and, we believe, 
never in summer. One we saw in Cornwall had the breast and neck 
of a bright ferruginous. The red-breasted snipe is a variety of this 
species. A specimen from Mr. Foljambe’s museum, shot in May, 1812, 
and another shot in December, of the same year, on the Yorkshire 
coast, has the ferruginous margins of the feathers on the back and 
scapulars very pale, some almost white : the head and neck are paler 
than described in the former birds ; but what is most interesting in 
this specimen is, that the ferruginous feathers of the breast are mixed 
with a few that are white, each having one or two transverse dusky 
bars ; and upon lifting up the ferruginous feathers on the neck, a few 
white ones are discernible, with a dusky streak down the middle. 
This discovery indicates a change of which we were not before aware ; 
and we now suspect those feathers to be the remains of the plumage of 
the young, previous to the first moult. ^ 
It is said to be plentiful in some parts of America ; and is found in 
numbers in the fens about Hudson’s Bay, where they breed, and retire 
southward. 
YELDRIN, and YELDROCK. — Names for the Yellow Hammer. 
YELLOW BIRD. — A name for the Golden Oriole. 
YELLOW BUNTING. — A name for the Yellow Hammer. 
YELLOW HAMMER {Emheriza citrinella, Linnaeus.) 
*Emberiza citrinella, Linn. Syst. 1. p. 309. 5. — Gmel. Syst. 1. p. 870. sp. 5. — 
Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p. 400. sp. 7. — Raii, Syn. p. 93. A. 2. — Will. p. 196. t. 40. 
— Flem. Br. Anim. p. 77. — Emberiza fiava, Briss. 3. p. 258. 1. — Le Bruant, 
Buff. Ois. 4. p. 342. t. 8. — Ib. pi. Enl. 30. f. 1 Bruant jaune, Temm. Man. 
d’Orn. 1, p. 304. — Goldhatnmer, Bechst. Naturg. Deut. 3 p. 252.— Meyer, 
