24 
INTRODUCTION. 
Upper mandible having its upper outline convex from the I 
base, the sides convex, the edges with a festoon about the i 
middle, and toward the fore part an angular toothlike prqjec- 1 
tion, the tip curved downwards, three-cornered, and sharp ; ! 
the lower mandible with the angle or meeting of its crura I 
wide and rounded, its lower outline very convex, the edges | 
involute, or curved inwards, and having a rounded notch | 
near the tip, which is truncate, or as if cut off abruptly* ' 
The bill of a Swallow, Fig. 3, is very short, much de- , | 
Fig. 3. [ 
pressed, that is, flattened, or as if pressed downwards, and of ! 
a triangular form ; its upper mandible with its upper or dor- 
sal outline sloping but convex, the edges slightly inflected, 
or bent inwards, with a distinct notch, close to the tip, which | 
is slender, but blunt ; the lower mandible with the angle very 
wide, the dorsal outline a little convex, the tip rather sharp. 
Again, the bill of a Chaffinch, Fig. 4, is short, straight, 
Fig. 4. 
