ALAUDIN^. ANTHUS. 169 
tliors ; so that, on the whole, I think it ought to be called the 
Dusky Pipit, Anthus obscurus. 
Eock Pipit. Eock Lark. Sea Lark. Dusky Lark. 
Alauda obscura, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 801. — Alauda obscura, 
Lath. Ind. Ornith. ii. 494. — Alauda petrosa, Mont. Linn. 
Trans. & Ornith. Diet. — Anthus obscurus, Temm. Man. 
d’Ornith. iv. 628. — Anthus aquaticus. Shore Pipit, MacGilli- 
vray, Brit. Birds, ii. 194. 
101. Anthus Spinoletta. Eed-breasted Pipit. 
Upper parts greyish-brown, very slightly tinged with oliva- 
ceous, the central part of each feather of a darker tint ; a yel- 
lowish-white band from the bill over the eye ; outer tail-fea- 
ther with an oblique greyish-white band, including the greater 
part of the outer and the extremity of the inner web, the next 
feather with the tip greyish-white ; lower parts yellowisJi-gJ’ey^ 
the breast and lower part of the neck tinged with red ; the 
sides and lower part of the neck, the fore part of the breast, 
and the sides of the body, marked with oblong greyish-brown 
spots ; hind claw moderately arched, and rather longer than 
the first joint ; bill and feet more slender than in Anthus ob- 
scurus. 
This species being now for the first time introduced into 
our Pauna, it will not be judged inexpedient to present an ex- 
tended description of it. Finding in one of my note-books a 
very particular account of two Pipits, obtained in the neigh- 
bourhood of Edinburgh, and examined by me on the 2d June 
1824, when they were recent, and in the possession of the late 
Mr John Wilson, and which I found to be different from any 
with which I was then acquainted ; and observing that M. Tem- 
minck, in the fourth volume of his manual, has described an 
Anthus which he had previously confounded with A. obscurus, 
under the common name of A. aquaticus ; I was induced to ex- 
amine all the Pipits I could find, and among others, those in the 
British Collection in the Museum of the University of Edin- 
burgh, to which the great liberality of Professor J ameson has 
allowed me free access. Among these I find two specimens, 
agreeing with the two of my note-book, and also with A. aqua- 
ticus of M. Temminck, and with a specimen, marked Saskat- 
chewan, Dr Eichardson,’^ of the North American bird figured 
and described in the Fauna Boreali- Americana under that 
name. These two specimens, and Dr Eichardson’s, are spe- 
cifically identical with Alauda rufa of Wilson, and Anthus 
ludovicianus of Lichtenstein, of which I have examined many 
