210 
PASSERINE. PYERHULA. 
Loxia leucoptera^ Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 844. — Loxia leucop- 
tera, Temm. Man, d’Ornith. iii. 243. — Loxia leucoptera, 
White-winged Crossbill, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, iii. 689. 
GENUS LXVIII, PYRRHULA. BULLFINCH. 
Bill very short, strong, bulging, subpentagonal, and about 
as high as broad at the base ; upper mandible with its dor- 
sal line convex, the sides much rounded, the edges sharp, 
without notch, but forming a wide sinus or curve toward the 
tip, which is decurved, and contracts to a narrow, rather 
blunt point, extending considerably beyond the lower ; lower 
mandible with the angle very short, the dorsal line convex, 
the sides much rounded, the edges involute, with a thin an- 
gular prominence near the middle, the tip slightly compress- 
ed. Mouth of moderate width ; tongue very short, oblong, 
concave above ; oesophagus dilated into a crop ; proventri- 
culus oblong ; stomach a strong gizzard ; intestine of mode- 
rate length and width ; coeca very small. Nostrils small, 
round, basal, concealed. Eyes rather small. Ear large. 
Head rather large ; neck short ; body moderate. Tarsus 
very short, compressed, with seven scutella ; toes slender and 
short, the lateral about equal ; claws rather long, arched, 
much compressed, laterally grooved, acute. Plumage soft 
and blended ; wings of moderate length, the second, third, 
and fourth quills longest ; tail rather long, emarginate. 
136. Pyrrhula pileata. Hooded Bullfinch. 
Male with the upper part of the head, a band round the base 
of the lower mandible, the wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail 
bluish-black ; the back ash-grey, the rump white, the lower 
parts bright red. Female with the same parts black, the back 
brownish-grey, the lower parts dull yellowish-brown. Young 
with the upper parts greyish-brown, the lower yellowish- 
brown. 
Male, 6, tv? ly* Female, 5 If, 9 If. 
Generally distributed in Britain, occurring in most of the 
wooded and cultivated districts, although not very common 
any where. Its flight is quick and undulated, its ordinary note 
a soft plaintive whistle, its song short and mellow, its food 
seeds of various kinds. Its nest is placed on a bush or tree, 
