COLUMBINE. COLUMBA. 
227 
rises again, and performs various gambols. The cry of this 
species resembles the syllables coo-roo-coo-coo, the two last 
protracted. Its flight is strong, light, and rapid. As an arti- 
cle of food it is not much esteemed. Attempts to domesticate 
this species have never proved successful. 
Ring Dove. Wood Pigeon. Cushat, Quest, or Cushie. 
Columba Palumbus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 282. — Columba 
Palumbus, Temm. Man. d’Ornith. i. 444. — Columba Palum- 
bus, Ringed Dove or Cushat, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, i, 
259. 
147. Columba CEnas. Blue-backed or Stock Dove. 
Plumage of the male greyish-blue ; the sides and back of 
the neck splendent with green and purplish-red, the lower 
part brownish purple-red, or vinaceous ; back and lower wing- 
coverts blue ; two short bands of black on the wing, one being 
on the three inner secondary quills, the other on three of the 
secondary coverts ; bill light brown. Female similar, but 
with the green of the neck less extended, the purplish-red 
paler. 
Male, 14, 26, 9j-, if, 1 1/^, Female, 13|^, 26. 
This species, which is about the same size as the Rock 
Dove, but from which it is distinguished by having the rump 
blue, in place of being white, occurs in various parts of Eng- 
land, residing in woods, and searching the fields for seeds and 
other vegetable substances. Mr Salmon states, that in the 
neighbourhood of Thetford, in Norfolk, it breeds in rabbit- 
burrows. Others inform us that it usually nestles in a hole 
of a decayed tree, or on a stump or pollard. This and the 
next species were very generally confounded by the older 
writers, and the present was held to be the original of our 
domestic pigeons, for which reason it was called Stock Dove ; 
others say it obtained that name because it breeds on stocks. 
Stock Dove. Wood Dove. 
Columba (Enas, Temm. Man. d’Ornith. ii. 445. — Columba 
(Enas, Blue-backed Dove, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, i. 237. 
148. Columba Livia. White-backed or Rock Dove. 
Plumage of the male light greyish-blue ; the neck splen- 
dent with green and purplish-red ; the middle of the back and 
the lower wing-coverts white ; two black bands on the wing, 
one on the six inner secondary quills, the other on the secon- 
dary coverts ; bill brownish-black. Female similar, but with 
the green and purple of the neck less extended. 
