20 
INDIAN FRESH-WATER FISHES. 
Genus Schizothorax. Mountain streams, Cashmere, 
and Afghanistan. 
Genus Leuciscus. Temperate and Arctic Kegions, 
Europe, N. America, Persia, Anatolia. 
Genus Barilius. India, East Africa, Eiver Nile. 
The Cyprinidse, being exclusively fresh- water fishes, 
and also being very numerous, and containing several 
large genera, are well adapted to elucidate this 
subject. 
We find some genera that are frequenters of 
temperate and cold climates, and others that can only 
exist in tropical climates. The genus Leuciscus, for 
instance, is spread over the North of Europe and 
North America, not extending into Indian waters. 
The genus Labeo, on the other hand, is found in 
tropical Africa and the East Indies only. 
Some genera are confined to North America, 
occasionally spreading, as in genus Sclerognathus, 
into China via N.E. Asia. The large genus Barbus 
is found all over Europe, Asia, and Africa, but does 
not occur in America. 
Most of the genera that inhabit the continent of 
India, extend also to the East Indian Archipelago, 
Java, and Sumatra. 
Those Indian genera that inhabit mountain streams, 
such as Discognathus and Schizothorax, are also 
found in Afghanistan and Persia, but there seems no 
community between the fishes of India, and those 
of Northern Asia. The snowy ranges of the 
Himalayas seem to present an impassable barrier. 
