ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll. 13 
Limncca stagnalis and Planorbis corneus, and is very scarce in Succinea 
amphibia. The liver of the land-snails unites, therefore, the function of 
the liver with that of the pancreas in the Vertebrates. Barfurth, Zool. 
Anz. hi. pp. 499-502 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. hi. p. 929. 
5 . Excretion and Secretion. 
Peculiar circumbuccal glands of unknown use (more numerous in 
Doridium)^ a gland at the hinder part of the foot, a renal gland and 
another of red colour and unknown function, all in Gastropterorif de- 
scribed by VAYSSiibRE, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) ix. art. 1, p. 60 et seq. 
W. ViGELius has published his observations on the organ of excretion 
in the Cephalopoda [see Zool. Rec. xvi. Moll. p. 14] at large in Niederl. 
Arch. Zool. V. pp. 115-184; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. hi. pp. 926-928. 
T. Barrois states the existence of a cavity, plicated and lined with 
glands opening at the hinder end of the foot, in Tellina baltica (L.) and 
Scrobicularia piperata (Gm.). In Donax anatinus (Lam.), the same cavity 
is observed, but its walls are only covered with cylindrical epithelium, 
and there is no trace of gland-cells. He regards these all as representing 
the byssal apparatus of other Bivalves. Bull. Sci. Nord (2) hi. p. 193 ; 
abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. hi. p. 765. 
Note on the occurrence of uric acid in the renal organ of various 
Mollusca, partly compiled from previous authors, partly from original 
observation, by 0. F. Krukenberg, 1. c. ii. pp. 18, 19, 23, 24, & 27. 
Manganese, but no iron, found in the secretions of the organ of 
Bojanus in Pinna squamosa, by Krukenberg, 1. c. ii. pp. -24 & 25. 
6 . Nervous System. 
H. SiMROTH describes the pedal nerve of Paludina. This is formed 
by a pair of strong longitudinal strings, connected by four transverse 
commissures, three of which are very conspicuous even in the embryo. 
The ladder-like structure of the pedal nerves is therefore found also in 
the higher forms of Prosobranchia or Arthrocochlides, contrary to 
Ihering’s theory. Z. wiss. Zool. xxxv. pp. 141-150, woodcut ; abstract in 
J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) i. pp. 27 & 28. 
J. Chatin’s paper on the nervous centres in Loligo (Guide Nat. 1880, 
No. 3, p. 79) has not been seen by the Recorder. 
The nervous system of Gasteropteron is carefully described by Vays- 
SIEre, who finds an intercerebroid sub-oesophagean commissure and a 
double anastomosis of the pedal trunks. Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) ix. No. 1, 
pp. 57-69. 
7 . Action of Poisons. 
Observations on the action, absorption, and elimination of venomous 
substances in the Cephalopods, by E. Yung, 0. R. xci. pp. 238 & 306. 
Other observations on the influence of alkaline and acid substances on 
the Cephalopods ; id. 1. c. p. 439 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. iii. pp. 765 
