ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll 15 
9 . Organs of Generation. 
A. Batelli has published several histological observations on the 
genital organs of Helix pomatia and nemoralis, with various critical and 
historical notes. Atti Soc. Tosc. iv. [1879], pp. 203-225, pis. xv. & xvi. 
Spermatophere of the Helicidce, or capreolus. Historical notes and 
description of that of Austenia^ and other Indian species, by H. H. 
Godwin-Austen. P. Z. S. 1880, pp. 289-291, 295-297, pi. xxiv. fig. 6, 
pi. xxvi. figs. 2-5, pi. xxvii. figs. 8 a, 5, c. 
0. Semper opposes Pfeifer's theory as to the identity of flagellum and 
sac with calcareous particles, and states that in Nanina wallacii and some 
others the so-called flagellum consists of a loop formed by the vas 
deferens and the upper end of the penis. Nachr. mal. Ges. 1880, pp. 8-12. 
The genital organs of Zonites algirus are described histologically and 
physiologically by H. Rouzaud, in a pamphlet of 8 pp., not seen by the 
Recorder. 
The generative organs of the young Helix aspersa (Miill.) described, 
and their development compared with those of other snails, by M. JouR- 
DAJN, Rev. Sci. Nat. 1880, p. 449 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. hi. p. G08. 
10 . Embryology. 
A very valuable survey of the state of our knowledge concerning the 
development of the MoUusca is given by F. M. Balfour, in his Manual 
of Comparative Embryology, i. pp. 187-241 (Gorman translation, i. 
pp. 217-279), with many woodcuts. 
W. H. Brooks has published a paper on the acquisition and loss of a 
food-yelk in Molluscan eggs, in Studies of the Biological Laboratory at 
Hopkins University, iv. pp. 105-116 [not seen by the Recorder]. 
Development of Loligo pealii (Lesueur) described by W. H. Brooks, 
Anniversary Mem. Bost. Soc. 1880, 22 pp., 4 pis. [Not seen by the 
Recorder.] 
H. Fol has published a rather extended paper on the development of 
the aquatic and terrestrial Pulmonata, from original observations, com- 
pared with the statements and views of previous authors ; he rejects in 
many points the results given by Rabl [Zool. Rec. xvi. Moll. p. 17], in 
some, also those by Lankester and Ihering. Among the aquatic Pul- 
monata^ the genus Planorhis offers much less difficulties for embryological 
studies than Limncea ; among the terrestrial, Limax is the most fitted for 
them. The velum is very small in the embryo of the Pulmonata, and quite 
rudimentary as regards its locomotory function, but, nevertlieless, a part 
of it which contains contractile ramified cells is highly developed, and is 
connected with the movement of the nutritive fluids.. The larval heart 
changes its situation during the development of the embryo, migrating 
from the ventral to the dorsal side. The blastopore remains as a distinct 
opening, and very probably becomes the mouth in Limax (probably also 
in other Pulmonata), whereas in Poludina {P ectinihraneUiata) it appears 
to become the vent. The nervous ganglia have their origin in an invagi- 
