PALiEONTOLOGY, HISTORICAL REMAINS AND CHANGES. Moll . 35 
63 Quaternary land and freshwater shells from the D4p. Haute-Garonne, 
31 of which are said to be extinct, are indicated by P. Fagot, Bull. Soc. 
Toulouse, 1879; abstract in J. de Conch, xxix. p. 88. 
Unio sinuatus (Lam.) has been found during the excavations for a new 
bridge over the Tiber at Ripetta, 6-11 metres below the present level of 
the river, and in other diluvial and old alluvial deposits of the valley of 
the Tiber, but is not found living there ; R. Meli, Atti Acc. Rom. (3) 
viii. Mem. Sci. fis. pp. 320-328, pi. 
Two new suli-fossil freshwater species from the Algerian Sahara : 
Morelrt, J. de Couch, xxviii. p. 355. 
The shell-beds in the vicinity of Davenport, Iowa, have been examined 
by W. H. Praty, who found in them the same freshwater species as 
those still living in the country ; they are situated about one and a 
half metres above high-water, and he thinks them to be a natural deposit, 
not the work of human hands. P. Davenp. Ac. ii. [1878] pp. 156-161. 
Miocene fossil shells from the West Indies and Costarica, by W. M. 
Gabb, j. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 44 pp. 3 pis. 
The appendix to the official catalogue of the New Zealand Court in 
the International Exhibition of Sydney (Wellington, 1880), contains 
(pp. 17-31) the lists of shells of several tertiary beds in New Zealand, 
many of which are still living species, and (pp. 31-33) the names of 108 
recent New Zealand shells exhibited. 
Stromhus gigas (L.) found in the ground near Bonn (probably acci- 
dentally buried) ; Troscuel, Verb. Ver. Rheiul. xxxvi. p. 377. 
Historical Remains and Changes. 
The few Mollusca mentioned by Homer are enumerated by 0. Korner ; 
the Polype, Octopus, Tethos, an Ascidia, and purple-dyeing are men- 
tioned. The author thinks that the fabulous Scylla is founded on vague 
knowledge of a giant Cephalopod. Arch. f. Nat. xlvi. pp. 209-213. 
Helix Jigulina (Parr.), Unio kotschii (Kiister) and tumidus (Retz), and 
8 common marine shells of the Mediterranean, found within the artificial 
hill Hanai-tepe, in Troas, by Virchow ; they may be kitchen remains, 
E. v. Martens, SB. nat. Fr. 1880, pp. 63 & 64 [cf. Zool. Rec. xvi. Moll. 
p. 36.] 
Cyprcea spadicea and Cancellaria cooperi, Oliva hiplicata, Trocliiscus 
norrisi and Lucapina giganlea, found in old graves of the natives at St. 
Nicolas, California ; M. de Cessac, J. de Conch, xxviii. pp. 285 & 286. 
In Florida shell-mounds, two-thirds of the shells are Ostrea virginiana, 
the rest Mercenaria mortoni, species of Natica, Pecten, and Fasciolaria ; 
Calkins, P. Davenp. Ac. ii. p. 228. 
(Davenport shell-beds ; see above, “ Pala3ontology of Recent Species.”) 
Shell-mounds in Southern Brazil, Prov. Sta. Catarina, containing the 
living Venus brasiliana iiud ihe e\tinct Corbula prisca ; E. v. Martens, 
SB. nat. Fr. 1880, p. 124. 
Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.), found at Riga ; Bergh, CB. Ver. Riga, 
xxiii. p. 121. 
Dreissena polymorpha. J. de Querne observes that it has been found 
