TUNICATA — POLYZOA. 
Moll. 11] 
CLAVELINIDiE. 
Herdman discusses the affinities of this family, and comes to the con- 
clusion that they are much nearer the simple than the compound Asci- 
dians, the buds on the stolons being developed from the ends of the 
blood-vessels, at first merely slight enlargements similar to and compar- 
able with the knobs on the end-twigs of the vessels of the test of an 
Ascidian. P. R. Soc. Edinb. 1879-80, p. 714 et seq. 
Clavelina ohlonga and ahnormis, spp. nn., from the * Challenger’ 
Expedition, id. ibid. 
Ecteinascidia, g. n. With well-marked internal longitudinal bars, like 
dona and Rhopalma^ but without papillae in the branchial sac. E. cransa , 
fup.ca, and turhinata, spp. nn., from the ‘ Challenger ’ Expedition, id. 1. c. 
p. 714. 
SALP.^. 
C. F. W. Krukenberg has made several experiments upon the heart 
in Salpa (chiefly S. africana). The number of pulsations in one direction 
is very variable ; ordinarily the pulsations in the direction towards the 
nucleus are somewhat numerous, for example, 5-G or even 10-13, and 
only 2-6 in the opposite direction ; the former are also rather quicker 
and more powerful. If the animal is kept in confinement, the number of 
pulsations diminishes, and is not augmented by dyspncea ; if the heart 
has been cut out, and is not emptied of blood, it continues its pulsa- 
tions for some time, and shows the same change in their directions. 
Curare paralyses the movements of the heart sooner than those of the 
other parts of the animal, and there is no remedy against it ; atropine 
has no effect on the pulsations ; helleborine augments the number of 
pulsations in the same direction ; nicotine diminishes them : veratrine 
and quinine eventually paralyse the heart, later than the other parts of 
the body; strychnine paralyses it, and produces no tetanus. Vergleichend- 
physiologische Studien, iii. pp. 151-176. 
Appendicularij). 
The muscular bands in the Appendicularim are composed of several 
(10) muscular blades, one behind the other, as in Ampliioxus and Petro- 
myzon. The motory nerves correspond in number and place to these 10 
segments, and are without ganglia; the sensorial nerves do not correspond 
to them, and are provided with ganglia. Langerhans, Z. wiss. Zool. 
xxxiv. pp. 144 & 145, pi. vi. figs. 66, 68-*73. 
(Ecopleura velifera and magna, spp. nn., id. 1. c. p. 145, Madeira. 
CEcopleura flabellurti (MiilL), Denmark ; Traustedt, Vid. Medd. 1880, 
p. 442* 
POLYZOA. 
T. Hincks’s account of the British marine Polyzoa is in all respects 
