ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Crust, G 
norwegicus, and found small round bodies, according to him, identical 
with the olfactory glomeruli of the Vertebrates, in the hinder fibroso- 
reticulated masses of this ganglion. He equalizes, therefore, these masses 
with the olfactory lobes, and the anterior fibroso-reticulated masses of 
the same with the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Mem. Acc. 
Bologn. (4) i. pp. 429 & 430, pi. 
E. Brandt gives some notes on the nervous system of Idotea entomon 
(L.). He states the presence of 14 ganglia, 3 of which belong to the 
head, 7 to the trunk, and 4 to the tail ; and comes to the conclusion 
that the antennae, labium, maxillae, mandibles, and labrum are homo- 
logous to those of the Insecta, but that the maxillipeds (gnathopods) are 
innervated by the third ganglion of the head, which is not present in the 
Insecta^ and belong therefore rather to the trunk ; also that the whole 
head of Idotea, and probably of all Artlirostrcea \_Tetradecapoda'], is not 
merely a head, but an abbreviated cephalothorax. He also states the exist- 
ence of an unpaired sympathetic string. Hor. Ent. Boss, xv., & Zool. 
Anz. iii. pp. 187 & 188 ; C. R. xc. pp. 712-714 ; Ann. N. H. (6) vi. pp. 
98 & 99. 
Notes on the nervous system of the Copcpoda, by M. Hartog, in 
Brady’s Mon. Brit. Copepods, iii. pp. 16 & 17. 
The structure of the brain or supra-oesophageal ganglion of Limulus 
polyphemm has been examined by A. S. Packard ; it is somewhat asym- 
metrical, the tract of large nerve-fibres with scattered ganglionic cells on 
the left side being very much more extensive than on the right ; it has 
similar large ganglion-cells to those of the brain of other Arthropods, but 
the smaller ganglion-cells, so abundant in the brains of Insecta and Crus- 
tacea, are wanting; there are no “ Ballensubstanz- masses ” nor any 
‘‘mushroom” bodies; topographically, the internal structure is on a 
wholly different type from that of any other Arthropod ; the dynamic 
part is confined to the upper third. Am. Nat. xiv. pp. 445-448 ; Ann. N. H. 
(5) vi. pp. 29-33 ; Zool. Anz. 1880, pp. 306-310. 
L. Fredericq & G. Vandevelde have ascertained by a series of expe- 
riments, that the quickness of transmission of the motorial excitation in 
the nerves of the lobster is 11-12 metres in a second. Arch. Z. exp4r. 
viii. pp. 513-520, and 0. R. xci. pp. 239 & 240. 
Camphor considerably diminishes muscular power and irritability in 
the crayfish ; Krukenberg, Vergleichend-physiologische Studien, i. 
p. 95. 
Strychnine does not cause tetanus in the crayfish, but increasing faint- 
ness and finally death ; id. 1. c. p. 97. A solution of chloride of potassium 
of one per cent, kills the crayfish after 22 hours ; id. 1. c. p. 109. 
Action of acids and alkalies on the crayfish observed by Richet, C. R. 
xc. p. 1166 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. iii. p. 628. 
2. Organs of Sense, 
The eye of Limulus and, for comparison, that of some Trilobites, 
especially Asaphus, described by A. S. Packard ; both are organized on 
he same plan, and totally different from those of other Arthropods; 
