9 Crust. 
CRUSTACEA. 
a comparative table of the terms used by previous authors in their de- 
scription. He describes accurately and uniformly those of 64 species, 
mostly belonging to different genera, and representing almost all the 
higher systematic divisions ; 18 of them are figured. As a whole, the 
structure of these parts exhibits the same type in all Brachyura 
examined. The conclusions which the author draws from his researches 
with regard to classification, will be mentioned in the special part. Z. 
wiss. Zool. xxxiv. pp. 1-69, pi. i. ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. iii. p. 425. 
5. Secretion and ^jxcretlon. 
C. Grobben has published a paper on the antennal gland of the CniH- 
tacea, describing the rather simple forms of it in the larvae of Estheria and 
Branchipus, consisting of a terminal saccule and a looped and coiled 
excretory canal, and those of the Nauplius-form of Cetochilus and Cyclops 
which are of similar conformation. In Gammarus marinus, the terminal 
saccule is reniform. In Palccmon, the saccule is also reniform and sup- 
plied by a large blood-vessel ; it consists of a large number of coecal sacs, 
between which is a thick network of connective tissue and lacunae filled 
with blood; the excretory canal makes numerous loops. In Astacus 
fluviatilis, both parts form a compact mass, lying largely in the thorax, 
known as “ green gland ; the saccule is rounded and of a yellowish- 
green colour, the canal is delicate, provided with diverticula, and very 
extended in part. The author has no doubt that this organ has the func- 
tion of a kidney ; he even compares the saccules with the Malpighian 
capsules and the canal with the tubuli contorti of the human kidney, and 
observes that both in Vermes and Mollusca the urinary canals are formed 
by a few cells. Abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. iii. pp. 785 & 786. 
C. S. Bate, on the contrary, has considerable doubt whether the green 
gland performs the function of a kidney; Rep. Brit. Ass. 1880, pp. 238 
&239. 
W. Muller maintains that the organ of the Ostracoda described by 
Zenker as a mucous gland, is such, and not an ejaculating apparatus, as 
Weismann supposes ; 1. c. pp. 231 & 245. 
Note on the occurrence of uric acid in the several organs and in the 
excreta of some Crustacea^ by C. Fr. Krukenberg, Vergleichend. 
physiologische Studien, pp. 20 & 28. Tyrosine, but not leucine, occurs 
iu the muscles of the lobster ; id. 1. c. p. 35. Chemical notes on the 
muscular substance of the lobster ; id. op. cit. ii. pp. 10, 11, & 13. 
The lobster contains 74, and Squilla mantis 81 per cent, of Avater; id. 
1. c. p. 104. 
6 . Generation. 
Observations on copulation and oviposition of Maia, and on the season 
(April-J une) in which several Decapods propagate, by Sciinitzlein & P. 
Maver, MT. zool. Stat. Neap. ii. pp. 165, 166, & 172 ; abstract in J. R. 
Micr. Soc. (2) i. p. 20. 
The latest observations on fecundation, incubation, and moulting of 
