THE GENERAL SUBJECT. 
Ins. 9 
Ward, L. F. The Relation between Insects and Plants, and the Con- 
sensus in Animal and Vegetable Life. Am. Ent. iii. pp. 63-67, 
87-91, woodcuts. 
Waterhouse, C. O. Aid to the Identification of Insects, edited by 
C. O. Waterhouse, lithographed by E. Wilson. Part 1. London : 
1880, sm. 4to, pis. i.-viii. 
Each plate contains a figure of a single species, which has previously 
been described, but not figured. 
Williams, J. Beneficial Insects. Rep. E. Soc. Ont. 1878, pp. 36-46, 
figs. 15-35. 
Relates to various species of Chrysopay Cicindela, Calosoma, and 
Coccineilidcv. 
Physiology , Hahitsj ^c. 
Nerve-system. See Foettinger, infr^ (Coleoptei'a), p. 12. 
There are two distinct kinds of buzzing produced by insects— a grave 
sound during flight, produced by the vibration of the wings, and an acute 
sound, only produced during rest, and unaffected by the removal of the 
wings. The latter is due to vibration of the thoracic muscles. J. de 
Bellesme, Assoc. Fr. vii. pp. 753 & 754. 
Observations on insects placed in vacuo, under water, &c. ; id. Feuill. 
Nat. xi. pp. 3, 4, 17 & 18. 
Taschenberg (Z. ges. Naturw. 3, v. pp. 903-905) discusses the causes 
of swarms of insects, and enumerates them as follows: — (1) Over-popu- 
lation, and the necessity of sending out colonies, as in the hive- bee and 
some Aphides ; (2) Pairing, as in ants. Termites, gnats, and Ep>hemeridoi ; 
(3) Search for food, as in Cnethocampa, the Colorado Beetle, &c, ; (4) 
Search for breeding-places, as in Psilura monacha ; and (5) Migrations, 
as with Vanessa cardui^ and other butterflies and Lihellulidce. 
Preliminary remarks on monochromatic impressions in Invertehrata ; 
Chatin, C. R. xc. pp. 41-43 {cf. also Coleoptera : Hydrophilidce). 
Note on odoriferous Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Camerano, Le Nat. 
ii. p. 210. 
On rearing wood-boring larvae ; Riley, Am. Ent. iii. p. 155. 
On the fertilization of flowers by insects ; Nature, xxi. p. 275 ; Am. 
Nat. xiv. pp. 198-204, 288-291, 731-733; Ann, Sci. Nat,, Bot. (6) viii. ; 
Naturhistoriker, ii. pp. 69, 70, & 77-79; Kosmos, viii. pp. 219-236, 
276-287, & 350-365. 
Natural insect-traps (teasel, &c.) ; Fitch, Ent. xiii. pp. 70“-72, cf. also 
Nature, xxii. p. 277, 
Various insects noticed as feeding on fern {Pteris aquilina) ; Brischke, 
Ent. Nachr. vi. pp. 56 & 57. 
Dahlias (?) stated to be very attractive, and not injurious to insects in 
India ; Rothney, P. E. Soc. 1880, p. x. 
Local Faunce and Observations. 
England. — Observations on insects at Worcester in 1879 ; J. E. Fletcher 
Ent. M. M. xvi. pp. 212 & 213. 
