220 Ins. 
ORTHOPTERA. 
Cricket, with maps and illustrations. Pp. i.-xvii. & 1-322, with 8 
appendices, pp. 1-74, Washington ; 1880, 8vo. 
This voluminous report is of an extremely complex nature, and is 
divided into fourteen chapters. Chap, i., pp. 1-14, is by Packard & Kiley, 
and consists of additions to the chronology of Locust ravages. Chap, ii., 
pp. 14-31, by C. Thomas, discusses the relation of the Locust and its 
ravages to agriculture and the settlement of the Territories. Chap, hi., 
pp. 31-72, also by C. Thomas, gives lengthy facts concerning, and laws 
governing, the migrations of Locusts in all countries. It is stated that an 
essentially migratory habit is confined to about four species ; occasionally 
a species is sedentary in one part of a continent and migratory in an- 
other ; all have areas in which they permanently breed, from which 
they occasionally pass into the surrounding districts. Chap, iv., pp. 72- 
108, likewise by C. Thomas, is on the habits and characteristics of Locusts 
in all countries within their areas of permanent distribution, so far as 
these relate to their movements. Chap, v., pp. 109-155, again by C. 
Thomas, notices the influence of meteorological conditions, and gives 
numerous tables of temperatures, winds, &c. Chap, vi., pp. 156-160, is 
on the southern limit of the distribution of the Rocky Mountain Locust 
in New Mexico. Chap, vii., pp. 160-163 (with two maps, contains a 
summary of flight during 1877-79. Chap, viii., pp. 163-178, by A. S. 
Packard, treats on the so-called Western Cricket (cf. Locustidoi). Chap, 
ix., pp. 178-183, by A. S. Packard, is anatomical, and contains an exami- 
tion of the air sacs of Locusts with reference to their powers of flight and 
is illustrated by a plate, and contains copious extracts from Newport’s 
writings. The author thinks that these sacs may have been suddenly 
produced in some remote ancestor through violent respiratory efforts, 
and being found useful were transmitted to the offspring, and became 
permanent parts of an insect’s structure. Chap, x., pp. 163-222, pis. ii.- 
viii., is by C. S. Minot, and consists of a very valuable dissertation 
on the histology of the Locust and Cricket, chiefly of the latter, and 
forms a good general introduction to the internal anatomy of insects 
generally. Chap. xi. pp. 223-242, pis. ix.-xv., by A. S. Packard, is an 
equally valuable anatomical essay, and treats on the brain of the Locust, 
with an examination of the nervous system in general, concluding with a 
bibliography concerning the structure of the brain of insects. Chap. xii. 
pp. 242-249, by C. Y. Riley & C. Thomas, is on the Locust of California 
{Camnula ijelluckla), with very full redescriptions and woodcuts, the 
habits appear to closely resemble those of the Rocky Mountain species 
{Caloptenus spretua). Chap, xiii. pp. 259-271, by C. V. Riley, gives 
additional facts about the natural enemies of Locusts, and especially con- 
cerns the larvas of Cantharidce and Bornhyliidcc that are parasites on the 
egg-tubes, it is illustrated by an admirable coloured plate (xvi.). Chap, 
xiv., pp. 271-322, by C. Y. Riley, suggests courses that may be adopted 
to lessen injury, to illustrate this chapter 6 large folded coloured maps 
are given. “ Burning ” the “ permanent ” districts is specially recom- 
mended; so also is the making of railroads, increased irrigation, &c. The 
appendices are very varied in their nature, some of them are here re- 
corded separate) y. 
