3 Ech . 
ECHINODEKMATA. 
31. Rathbun, R. a List of the Brazilian Echinoderms, with notes on 
their distribution. Tr. Conn. Ac. v. pp. 139-159. 
32. Schneider, A. Ueber Befruchtung ^ZaciaZe]. Zool. 
Anz. hi. pp. 255 & 256. 
33. SiiADEN, W. P. On a Remarkable Form of Peclicellaria^ and the 
Functions performed thereby ; together with General Observations 
on the Allied Forms of this Organ in the Echinidce. Ann. N. H. (5) 
vi. pp. 101-113, pis. xii. & xiii. 
34. Stewart, C. Note on an Abnormal Amhlypneustes griseus. J, L. S. 
XV. p. 130, pi. V. figs. 4-6. 
35. . On some Structural Features of EcTiinostrephus molaris, 
Parasalenia gratiosa, and Stomopneustes variolaris. J. R. Micr. Soc. 
hi. pp. 909-912, pi. xx. 
36. Studer, T. Ueber Geschlechtsdimorphismus bei Echinodermen. 
Zool. Anz. hi. pp. 523-527, 543-546. • 
37. . Uebersicht fiber die wahrend der Reise S.M.S. Corvette 
‘ Gazelle’ ura die Erde 1874-76 gesammelten Echinoiden. MB. Ak. 
Berl. 1880, pp. 861-885, 2 pis. 
38. Theel, H. Preliminary Report on the Ilolothuridce of the Explor- 
ing Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ CEfv. Ak. Forh., Bihang. v. 
No. 19, pp. 3-20, pis. i. & ii. 
General Morphology op the Group. 
For a general account of the development of the Echinodermata^ see 
F. M. Balfour’s Treatise on Comparative Embryology (London : 1880), 
vol. i. pp. 453-482. 
Italian works on Echinoderms; Cavanna, Elemente per una Biblio- 
grafia Italiana (Firenze : 1880), pp. 90 & 91. 
A large part of Fol’s observations on the fecundation, &c., of the egg 
were based on Asterias glacialis and Toxopneustes lividus ; M4m. Soc. 
Phys. Genev. xxvi. pp. 89-397. 
On reproduction of Echinodermata in captivity ; MT. z. Stat. Neap. ii. 
p. 172. 
Action of certain drugs on Synapta dig itata; see Krukenberg(F6mes,p. 1.) 
The observations of Geddes (16) have a more important bearing on the 
morphology of the corpuscle than on Echinoderms in particular ; he 
insists, however, on the distinctness between the vascular canals, ambu- 
lacral canals, and perivisceral cavity. 
The distinct character of the vascular system is further spoken to by 
Foettinger’s discovery, in Ophiactis virens, ^of veritable oxyhaemaglobin 
(14). 
Ludwig (22) announces the discovery of the fact that in the young 
Crinoid there is but one primary stone-canal. He believes that the oral 
and not the basal plates of Crinoids are to be regarded as homologous 
with the genital plates of the EchinoideUy basing this belief on the rela- 
ions which the primary water-pore has to one of the orals, which rela- 
