5 Eclu 
ECHJNODEUMATA. 
as demonstrated by an examination of the germ-glands (this latter was 
seen in Oreaster turritus and Ophiothrix petersi, sp. n,). 
Bell (5) suggests that the difference in the size of the genital pores to 
be detected in dry tests of Amhlypneustes griseus and yl. /ormosws, may be 
duo to a difference in the sexes. 
Giesbrecht (17) finds that the teeth of the Echinoiilea are made up of 
lamellae, or scales and prisms, but never of a calcareous meshwork ; there 
appear to be generic and perhaps specific differences. 
Carpenter’s studies on Solanocrinus (10) lead him to the following con- 
clusions: — (1) In all the Jurassic and some of the Cretaceous ComataUe^ 
the basals are the embryonic basals, reduced in relative size ; (2) In all 
recent Comaiulce the embryonic basals are modified and form a rosette ; 
the basal rays which appear externally are only analogous to the true 
basals of the older Comatulce : (3) A parallel variation in the presence or 
absence of external basals is seen in the Pentacrini ; (4) The variations 
in the development of the basals are useless as generic distinctions. 
In (11), Carpenter discusses the hypothesis of Wachsmuth and 
Springer* that the “column” was subservient to respiration in some, at 
any rate, of the Palaeocrinoids ; he points out that the characters which 
obtain in them are found also in some fossil Crinoids, and suggests that 
the minute ciliated pores of all recent Crinoids may be found in those 
Palaeocrinoids in which there are no “ hydrospires.” 
Geneka and Species. 
Verrill, Am. J. Sci, (3) xx. p. 401, gives a “partial list of the Echino- 
dermata ’’ collected from the Outer Banks off Southern New England. 
J. E. T. Woods, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. v. pp. 193-203, has notes on the 
habits of some Australian Echini. See also id. tom. cit. pp. 125-131. 
Echinoderms of Barents’ Sea; see D’Urban, Ann. N. II. (5) vi. 
pp. 259-2G1, 270 ik 271. 
Echinoderms of Bay of Biscay ; see Norman, tom. cit. pp. 435 & 436. 
Echinoderms of the Red Sea ; H. Ludwig, in Kossmaun’s Zoolog. 
Ergebnisse. (Leipzig : 1880), 7 pp. 
Ludwig (21) describes as new Ophioconis hrevispina, and gives notes 
on Antedon phalangium, Astropecten squamatus, Thyone aurcmtiaca^ and 
Holothuria mammata. 
ECHINOIDEA. 
Agassiz (1) describes the following new species : — 
Dorocidaris hartletti. 
Porocidaris sharreri. 
Podocidaris scuta ta. 
Aspidodiadema antillarum, A. jacohii. 
Asthenosoma reynoldsi. 
Phormosoma s^^s5[e]e^, P. peter si. 
Revision of the Palceocrinoidea ; P. Ac. Philad. 1879. 
