ANTHOZOA. 
Gcel 17 
mity, and each cell is constantly furnished with a single cilium. In the 
mesoderm ganglia are found in which the ectoderm fibrillae terminate. 
15. Moseley, H. N. On Koch’s researches on the Corals. P. Z. S. 
1880, p. 24, and Q. J. Micr. Sci. xx. p. 245. 
A short account of Koch’s method of studying the anatomy and 
histology of corals. The corals are first hardened in absolute alcohol, 
and then placed in a solution of Canada balsam in ether, gum saudarach 
in alcohol, or copal in chloroforiti. They are then cut into fine sections 
with a saw, and rubbed down on a whetstone. Moseley says that he has 
himself used this method with success. 
16. . De.scription of a New Species of simple Coral, Desmophyllium 
lamproticlmm. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 41. 
17. Murray, John. The Structure and Origin of Coral Reefs and 
Islands. Nature, xx. pp. 23 & 351. [Abstract of a paper read before 
R. Soc. Edinb.] 
Semper some time ago found difiiculties in applying Darwin’s view in 
the case of the Pelew group. Murray now shows that — (1) other 
agencies are at work in tropical oceanic regions, by which submarine 
elevations can be built up from very great depths ; (2) all the chief 
features of coral reefs and islands can be accounted for without calling in 
the aid of great and general subsidences. These views do away with the 
great and general subsidences required by Darwin’s theory, and are in 
harmony with Dana’s view of the great antiquity and permanence of the 
ocean basin, which all recent deep sea researches appear to support. The 
foundations have been prepared for barrier reefs and. atolls by the disin- 
tegration of volcanic islands and the building up of submarine volcanoes. 
Atolls are formed by building up from submarine banks. The author’s 
views have the advantage that all the causes appealed to are relatively 
well known, and continuous in their action. 
18. PouRTALES, L. F. Reports on the results of dredging in the Carib- 
bean Sea, 1878-79, by United States Coast Survey Steamer ‘ Blake,’ 
Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. vi. Reports on the Corals and 
Antipatharia, Bull. Mus. C. Z. vi. No. 4, p. 95. 
19. Riciiiardi, S. Alcionari del Mare di Toscana, in Catalogo della 
Sezione Italiana dell’ Esposizione internazionale di pesca in Berlino, 
1880, p. 155. 
[Not seen by the Recorder.] 
20. SCHLUTER, C. Zoantharia ritgosa aus dem rheinischen Mittel- und 
Ober-Devon. SB. Nat. Fr. 1880, p. 49. 
[Not seen by the Recorder.] 
21. Studer, T. Ueber Kuospung und Theiluug bei Madreporarien. 
MT. Ges. Born. 1880 (Soparatdruck). 
In the formation of the side buds of Madreporaria, a part of the calca- 
reous wall of the polype is absorbed, in order that the endoderm at that 
part may thrive. The buds are at first sub-marginal, then rnarginal. 
It may be inferred, moreover, from the fact that on growing branches 
