SPONGIIDA. 
3 Spong, 
Order I. Monaxid^, Schmidt. 
A. SiLiciSPONGi^. Fam. 1. Renierince^ Schmidt. Fam. 2. 
CJialinece, Schmidt. Fam. 3. Mecznilcowince^ Czerniavsky. 
Fam. 4. Suheritidince^ Schmidt. Fam. 5. CUonidcn^ Gray. 
Fam. 6. Desmanidinidce, Schmidt. 
B. Spongi^ GELATINOSAE. Fam. 7. Ilaliaarcinoi. Fam. 8. 
Ceraospongice, Schmidt. 
Order II. Spongije anchorat^. Fam. 9. Geodinidce, Schmidt. 
The Sponges are included among the Flagellate Infusoria by Kent, 
(G) p. 36, as Protozoa, of the Section Discostomata, Class Flagellata^ fol- 
lowing the Clioano-Flagellata or Collared Flagellata (which are termed 
also Discostomata-Gymnozoida) , under the title of Order Spongida, vel 
Discostomata-Cryptozoida. This view of the systematic position of the 
Sponges is supported by arguments taken from the agreement in struc- 
ture between the “collar cells” of Sponges and the zooids of the Choano- 
Flagellata, especially the “collar” common to both, and between the 
different parts of the general Sponge-mass and those of the colonial 
forms Ophrydium and Phalansterium ^ ; also from the agreement in the 
phenomena of nutrition. A connecting form, Protospongia, is especially 
noticed, p. 168. 
C. S. Minot, Am. Nat. xiv. p. 479, in “A Sketch of Comparative 
Anatomy. IV. The Embryology of Sponges,” sums up the main facts 
known on this subject, concluding by adopting the view that the Sponges 
constitute a distinct Sub-kingdom, to be called Porifera. 
Yaxjnm. 
Short notes on the abyssal Sponge-fauna as made known by the 
‘ Challenger ’ Expedition, by C. Wyville-Tiiomson, in Report on the 
Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ Zoology, vol. i- 
London, &c., 1880, pp. 35, 43, & 44. Figures are given of Asconema 
setuhalense, Ilyalonema sieboldi, Rossella velata, pp. 34, 35 & 38. 
List of 14 species of Sponges dredged at Falmouth, given by H. J. 
Carter, Tr. Birmingham Soc. 1880, p. 59, with notes. 
Three species, including the type of a new genus, are described by 
SOLLAS (12), from 15 miles on each side of Bergen, north and south. 
A notice of the chief Sponges obtained by the recent French exploring 
expedition of ‘ Le Travailleur ’ in the Bay of Biscay, given by A. M. 
Norman, Ann. N. H. (5) vi. p. 436, and Rep. Brit. Ass. 1880, p. 389 ; 
they included Thenea, Holtenia, Asconema^ Hyalonema, Farrea^ and 
Lefroyella. 
A. Milne-Edwards reports on .the expedition to the same effect ; 
C. R. xci. p. 360. 
P. Beszo. a Magyar tengerpart Szivacsfaunaja. i. Kozlemeny (The 
Sponge-fauna of the Hungarian littoral. Part i.). In Ectezezesck a 
Vermeszettudomanyok Korebol, x. Kotet, xiii. Szam : 1880. [In Hun- 
garian. Lists of the marine Sponges, including some new species, e.g., 
Vioa sp., &c., which arg, however, not described.] 
H. J. Carter & W. S. M. D’Urban, on the Zoology of the Barents 
