SPONGIIDA. 
11 Hpong. 
is the mesoderm. In the cells of the ciliated chambers no collars have as 
yet been observed, but they are connected together in spiral rows by 
cords of tissue so as to form rhomboidal meshes. The mesoderm is 
gelatinous and granular, and contains nuclei and refractive bodies of 
reserve nutriment, and spermatic balls about mm. in diameter. The 
soft parts are often inhabited by a tubicolous gymnoblastic Ilydroid, to 
be named Amphihrachium euplectellce. 
Calc ARE A. 
Ascetta primordialis. Various conditions of its cells figured by Kent, 
(G) pi. viii. figs. 32-40. 
Leucosolenia coriacea. Portions of soft parts figured, 1. c. pi. viii. fig. 41, 
pi. X. figs. 1-7. L. botryoides^ similarly, 1. c. pi. x. figs. 14 & 15. 
Grantia compressa. Soft parts figured, 1. c. pi. vii. figs. 3 & 4, pi. viii. 
figs. 1-17, pi. ix. figs. 22-29 & 32. G. ciliata, embryo figured, 1. c. 
pi. ix. fig. 30 ; at some stages the planula is partly covered with collared 
embryo monads. 
New Genera and Species. 
Ceratina (Carter). 
Aplysina purpurea^ Carter, (1) p. 3G, Gulf of Manaar and Trincomalee. 
A.fusca, id. ihul.y Gulf of Manaar. 
Psammonemata (Carter). 
Hircinia arundinacea and II. fusca, Carter, provisional spp. nn., (1) 
p. 3G, Gulf of Manaar. 
Fsammascus, Marshall, (7) p. 92. Differs from Sponyelia by the pre- 
sence of foreign bodies in the syncytium or connective tissue layer. It 
is perhaps an aberrant Spongelia-iovm. The single species, P. decipiens, 
id. ibid. pi. vi. figs. 1-5, from Australia ?, is funnel-shaped, with three kinds 
of fibres, distinguished as primary (running along cloacal cavity), second- 
ary (at right angles to surface), and tertiary (connecting the latter) ; 
the last-named are those usually known as secondary. No laminae were 
observed in the fibres. Of the different kinds of foreign bodies contained 
in the sponge, fragments of shells constitute 49 per cent., sand 29 per 
cent., Foraminifera 11 per cent., sponge-spicules 9 per cent., and frag- 
ments of other animal remains 2 per cent. 
Dysidea favosa^ Marshall, (7). p. 98, pi. vi. figs. 6-11, Bass’s Strait. 
Three sets of skeleton fibres, and a cloacal cavity. The proportions of the 
different kinds of foreign bodies to each other are quite different in the 
dermis and the main skeleton ; the arrangement of the different foreign 
bodies in the sponge is explicable by no mechanical principles. The 
cloacal cavity is lined by a fibrillated layer which is in continuation 
with the dermis, and contains a certain amount of foreign material. 
Dysidea callgsa, Marshall, (7), p. 104, pi. vi. fig. .12, pi. vii. figs. 1-5, 
hab. ?. The skeleton consists of irregular tracts running outwards and 
consisting of little else but foreign bodies ; connecting or secondary fibres 
appear to be scarce. 
Dysidea argentea^ Marshall, (7) p. 107, pi. vii. figs. 6-11, Australia. 
Psammoclema^ Marshall, (7) p. 109. Branching, with many oscula. 
