FLAGELLATA AND MONADS, GREGARINIDA. Prot. 21 
General Anatomy and Physiology. 
W. H, Ballinger, in a paper entitled, “ On a Series of Experiments 
made to determine the Thermal Death-point of known Monad Germs 
when the Heat is endured in a Fluid,” J. R. Micr. Soc. iii. p. 1, pis. i. & 
ii., shows that all the 6 leading types of Monads referred to in his pre- 
vious paper on “ Life-Histories of Monads ” are killed in the adult con- 
dition by a temperature of from 138° to 142° Fahr. In the spore con- 
dition, the “Calycine” Monad, the largest of the number, died at 212° in 
fluid, but lived to 250° in dry heat ; the “ Biflagellate ” survived 232° in 
fluid, 250° in dry heat; the “Cercomonad” died at 238° in fluid, but 
survived 260° in dry heat ; the “ Uniflagellate ” and “ Springing Monad ” 
died in fluid at 288° and 252° respectively, but survived 300° Fahr. dry 
heat ; the “Hooked Monad” died at 150° in fluid, and survived 180° in 
air. 
The contractile vacuole has a lateral chamber in Urocentrum turbo and 
other Flagellata ; the functions of the organ are excretory and respira- 
tory : Kent, (1) p. 71 et seq. 
GREGARINIDA. 
12. Rehberg, H. Eine neue Gregarine, Lagenella mobilis, g. n. et sp. n. 
Abh. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 69, pi. iv. figs. 9-13. 
13. Leuckart, R. Dio Parasite n des Menschen und die von ihuen 
herriihrenden Kraukhoiten. 2nd edn. vol. i. part 1. Leipzig & 
Heidelberg : 1879. Reported in Zool. JB. Neap. i. p. 117. 
This edition is increased by the addition of a full account of the known 
Protozoan parasites of man. 
R. Leuckart (13) introduces the name Sporozoa to designate the Class 
Gregarinida, of which he gives a definition at p. 241. Various species 
and developmental stages are figured, figs. 95-1 16. 
Lagenella, g. n., Rehberg (12). Differs from all other genera of 
Gregarinida by the possession of a contractile vesicle, and by the simpli- 
city of its process of reproduction. Belongs to the Cgstoplasta of 
Gabriel, and stands nearest to Urospora and Dufouria, Schneider, of 
described genera. L. mobilis, id. ibid. pi. iv. figs. 9-13, intestine and 
body cavity of Cyclops rubens. Reproduction takes place in different 
ways — (1) From particles derived from dead specimens, which are 
devoured by the host ; the animal developed from such a particle moves 
rapidly in water, assumes a globular form, in which it passes through a 
period of repose ; the membrane now enveloping it subsequently bursts, 
producing a body closely resembling the pre-encystation stage. (2) 
Fission was apparently, but not with certainty, observed. Young indi- 
viduals contain fewer granules, in proportion to their ectoplasm, than old 
ones. Movement is produced by means of a trunk-like protrusion of the 
body -membrane. 
