12 Moll 
MOLLUSCA. 
metres in a miaute. Z. wiss. Zool. xxxvi. pp. 1-G7, pi. i.; abstracts in 
J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) i. p. 878, and Arch. Z. exp6r. ix. p. lx. 
Inosit found iu the muscles of the Cephalopods, it is wanting in all 
other Evertebrata, and also in the fishes and Amphibia dipnoa ; Kru- 
kenberg, Zool. Anz. iv. p. 66. 
3 . Digestion. 
D. Barfurth states that in autumn the liver of Helix, Avion, and 
Limax contains a considerable quantity of phosphate of lime, the phos- 
phoric acid alone forming about half of the inorganic substances in 
it ; this quantity is diminished when the animal has formed its epi- 
phragma or restored a lost part of the shell. In Limncea, the quantity of 
phosphate is remarkably less. Zool. Anz. iv. pp. 21-23. 
E. Boukquelot states that the secretions of the liver and pancreas in 
the Cephalopoda are able to change amidon into sugar. C. B. xciii. 
pp. 979 & 980 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. p. 30. 
The digestive organs of the dibranchiate Cephalopoda are described 
with special regard to histology by C. Livero. J. de I’Anat. Phys, xvii. 
pp. 97-123, with 2 pis. ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) i. pp. 433-435. 
Anatomical notes on the so-called pancreas of the Cephalopods, it 
being in Octopus more intimately connected with the liver, only distinct 
in colour, in Loligo a thickening of the wall of the hepatic ducts, in 
Sepia, Rossia, and Sepiola acinose appendages of the same, by W. J. 
ViGELius, Zool. Anz. iv. pp. 431-433. 
Digestive organs of Onchidium described by J. Joyeux-Laffuie, C. R. 
xcii. p. 144. 
The crystalline stalk in the intestine of the Bivalves is regarded as the 
remains of undigested food and a stock of nourishment for the winter, 
by F. Hazay, Mai. Bl. (2) iv. pp. 201 & 202. 
4 . Respiration and Circulation. 
C. Mereschkowsky thinks that the red pigment in many Inverte- 
brates, e.g., in the foot of the Bivalves, which he calls “ tetronerythrine,” 
corresponds to hsemoglobine in the higher animals, and serves for cuta- 
neous respiration from its great affinity to oxygen. C. R. xciii. pp. 
1029-1032 ; abstract in Nature, xxv. p. 276, and J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) ii. 
p. 178. 
Gills of the Bivalves. The distinction of four different kinds of 
structures [see Zool. Rec. xvi. Moll. p. 14] confirmed, and new examples 
of them given by Haren-Noman, Niederl. Arch. Zool. Suppl. i. 1881. 
The gills of Nucula proxima and Yoldia limatula (Say) are described 
by K. Mitsukuri ; they are confined to the hinder part of the animal, and 
consist of a longitudinal row of folds or leaves ; the author recapitulates 
the more recent statements of other authors as to the morphology and 
development of the gills in the Bivalves, and comes to the conclusion 
that the gills of these Nactdidie represent a rather primitive condition. 
