14 Moll 
MOLLUSCA. 
Curare paralyzes the nerves of the mantle and arms, but, in moderate 
doses, not those of the heart and the intestine; strychnine tetanizes 
the muscles of the mantle and arms; veratrine provokes convulsive 
cramps in them. MT. z. Stat. Neap. iii. pp. 97-120. 
Yung also describes the effect of various poisonous substances on the 
heart of the Bivalves. Curare seems to have no direct action on it. Strych- 
nine has only a temporary effect, provoking some convulsive movements in 
the muscles. Nicotine in strong doses kills, increasing its volume consider- 
ably. Digitaline diminishes the number of pulsations. Upas antiar pro- 
duces paralysis. Sulpho-cyanide of potassium stops the heart in diastole, 
and completely kills it. Injection of fresh-water kills, by causing the 
muscles to flag. Arch. Z. exper. ix. pp. 421-444; previous note in C. R. 
xciii. pp. 562-564 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) i. p. 879. 
8 . Organs of Sense, 
The eyes of Patella ccerulea var. fragilis (Phil.), of Haliotis tubercu- 
lata (L.), Fissurella grceca (L.), and costaria (Defr.), are described by 
P. Fraisse. That of Patella exhibits the lowest organization ; it is 
small, consists only of one layer of slender retina-cells, without cornea, 
lens, and vitreous fluid, and without a distinct optic nerve, and is a simple 
invagination of the skin, the retina-cells being transformed epidermic 
cells. In Haliotis, the eye is of somewhat higher organization, it is also 
open in front, and consists of a simple row of retina-cells, but it has a 
voluminous gelatine-like lens, and a well-developed optic nerve dilated 
into a ganglionous expansion at its meeting with the eye-ball. The eye 
of Fissurella is closed in front, and has two distinct sorts of rotiiia-colls ; 
otherwise it resembles that of Haliotis. Z. wiss. Zool. xxxv. pp. 461-477, 
pis. XXV. & xxvi. Abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) i. pp. 724 & 725. 
J. W. Spengel’s paper on the olfactory organs and nervous system 
of the Mollusca, Z. wiss. Zool. xxxv. pp. 332-384, pis. xvii.-xix., noticed 
by anticipation in Zool. Rec. xvii. Moll., p. 14, being published in 1881, 
is abstracted in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) i. pp. 583-586, and in Arch. Z. expdr. 
ix. pp. xli.-xlv. 
Abstracts of Sochaczewer’s paper on the olfactory organ of the 
Pulmonata [Zool. Rec. xvii. Moll., p. 14] in Arch. Z, exp^r. ix. p. xxv., and 
Am. Nat. xv. p. 655. H. Simroth incidentally opposes Sochaczewer’s 
view that the opening of the pedal gland is the olfactory organ in land 
snails, thinking that similar sensitive cells are scattered throughout the 
whole of the soft skin of the animal, Z. wiss. Zool. xxxvi. pp. 41-43. 
SoCHACZEWER answers these objections, 1. c. pp. 540 & 541. 
‘Gustatory buds' (Geschmacks-knospen) in the epithelium of the 
mouth of Chiton, Patella, Haliotis, Fissurella, Trochus, and Turbo, and 
another somewhat doubtful sensitive epithelium, indicating, perhaps, a 
sixth sense, beneath the radula in Chiton, and perhaps also in Patella, 
stated by B. Haller, Zool. Anz. iv. pp. 93 & 94. 
9 . Propagation and Development, 
Observations on the propagation, development, and growth of the 
