PLATYHELMINTHES. 
Verm . 3 
20. Mace, E. Sur une nouvelle forme d’organe segmehtaire chez les 
Tr^matodes. C. R. xcii. pp. 420 & 421 ; Ann. N. H. (5) vii. p. 354. 
21. MiiiGNiN, P, Sur le d^veloppement du Tricuspidaria nodulosa ou 
Tricenophorus nodolosus de Rudolphi et sur son Cysticerque. C. R. 
xcii. pp. 924-926 ; J. de I’Anat. Phys. xvii. pp. 419-426, pi. xxv. 
22. Moniez, R. Memoires sur les Cestodes. l^re partie. Paris; 1881, 
sm. 4to, pp. 238, 12 pis. 
23. Riehm, G. Studien an Cestoden. Z. ges. Naturw. liv. pp. 545-610, 
pis. V. & vi. 
24. Selenka, E. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Seeplanarien. 
Zool. Studien, ii. Leipzig : 1881, 4to, pp. 44, 7 pis. See also Biol. 
Clblatt. i. pp. 229-239, and Bull. Soc. Nord. iv. 165-169. 
26. Thomas, A. P. Report of Experiments on the Development of the 
Liver-fluke {Fasciola Tiepaticd). J. R. Agric. Soc. (2) xvii. pp. 1-30. 
26. ViLLOT, A. Sur une nouvelle larve de Cestoi’de, appartenant au 
type du Cysticerque de I’Arion. C. R. xcii. pp. 418-420. 
27. Zaddach, G. Ueber die in Flusskrebse vorkommenden Distomum 
cirrigerum^ v. Baer, und D. isosiomum, Rud. Zool. Anz. iv. 
pp. 398-404 ; 426-431. 
Anatomy and Development. 
Lang (15, 16) insists very strongly on the relations of the Platyhel- 
minthes to the Codenterata on the one hand, and the Hirudinea on the other, 
and points out in detail the resemblances which exist. Instead of the 
term Turhellaria, he proposes to adopt three orders, equivalent in value 
to the Trematoda^ Cestoda, and Nemertinea^ to bo called respectively 
Folyclades, Triclades^ and Rhahdocoda. The fresh- water Triclades are 
nearest the Polyclades ; these last are either degenerated and parasitic, 
or free-swimming and elevated. The central nervous system has a brain, 
or point at which all the nerve-trunks meet, and this is largest when the 
nerve-trunks are best developed ; the longitudinal trunks may or may not 
unite posteriorly. Gunda segmentata, g. & sp. nn., is dealt with in detail ; 
and the enteric system is here called the coeleuteric apparatus, as it is 
believed to be the homologue of the same part in the Codenterata and the 
homologue of the coelom and euteron of the higher forms ; in this con- 
nection, attention is directed to the characters of the Hirudinea. The 
trochosphere is regarded as being comparable merely to the cephalic por- 
tion of Gunda^ the anal segment being a new formation. 
Francotte (6) finds in Derostomum,B,p., that there is connected with the 
canals of the water vascular system a glomerulus containing about thirty 
vibratile processes ; a system of finer vessels communicates with the lon- 
gitudinal canals, but no cilia were to be detected in their terminable 
infundibula. Indications of a rudimentary coelom are to be seen in lymph- 
spaces. 
In continuation of his studies Fraipont (5) has examined Distomum 
divergens^ Scolex trygonis pastinacece, and Tcenia echinococcus ; in young 
