10 Verm, 
VEEMES. 
56. Obley, L. Beitrage zur Lumbricinen-Fauna der [Balearen. Zool. 
Anz. iv. pp. 284-287, 
57. Perrier, E. Etudes sur TOrganisation des Lombriciens terrestres. 
Arch. Z. exp^r. ix. pp. 175-248, pis. xiii.-xviii. 
58. Repiaciiofp, W. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des Polygordius 
flavocapitatus, Uljanin, und Saccocirrus papillocercus, Bobr. Zool. 
Anz. iv. pp. 518-520. 
59. Spengel, J. W. Oligognathus honellice, eine schmarotzende Eunicee. 
MT. z. Stat. Neap. iii. pp. 15-52, pi. ii.-iv. 
60. Stewart, 0. ' On a supposed New Boring Annelid. J. R. Micr. 
Soc. (2) i. pp. 717-719, pi. ix. 
Anatomy and Development. 
Repiachoff (58) finds that the cleavage of the egg is total in Poly- 
gordius and Saccocirrus ; the gastrula is formed by invagination ; the 
mesoblast of the former appears to be derived from the hypoblast, while 
in the latter “ primitive mesodermal cells” arise in the cleavage-cavity. 
P. flavo-capitatus never passes throgh the Lov(^nian-larva stage. 
On the prefecundation of Spio ; A. Giard, 0. R. xciii. pp. 600-602. 
Horst (52) describes the shrinking of the vitellus, the protrusion of a 
pseudopodium-like process to meet the spermatozoon, the formation of an 
amphiblastula, the great development of the pre-oral region and the 
presence of four pairs of temporary setae. 
Perrier (57) believes that the ciliated infundibula of the excretory organs 
are completely independent of the generative system in many if not 
all Oligochceta, as well as in Hirudinea, Mollusca, and Vertebrata. Pon- 
todrilus^ by the absence of a muscular gizzard, of a typhlosole, and of 
sub-neural vessel, as well as in other points, approaches the Naidina ; but 
shows clearly that the distinctions between that group and the terricolous 
Lumhricida has been too much insisted on. 
Eisig’s studies (51) have resulted in the discovery of an aerating appa- 
ratus connected with the fore-gut in some Annelids, which appears to 
come into function during some stages of digestion ; attention is directed 
to the analogies between these forms and the Vertebrata. 
Mau (55) finds in Scoloplos that the posterior portion of the walls of 
the coeca are specially modified, but that the coeca never contain gas, 
and that their walls are not contractile. Some evidence was obtained as to 
the presence of a central canal in the ventral medulla. The ova are 
confined to the segments in which they are developed, and do not float 
freely in the coelom. 
The parasitic Eunicid described by Spengel (59) has well-marked 
tubular sheaths in connection with the ventral medulla ; their homo- 
logies are carefully discussed. 
On the nerves in the voluntary muscles of the Leech, see A. Hansen, 
Arch. Biol. ii. pp. 342-344. 
- Blomfield & Bourne (Q. J. Micr. Sci. xxi. pp. 500 & 501) find cor- 
puscles in the red vascular fluid of Eunice and Nereis. 
