5 Ech. 
ECHINODERMATA. 
On the circulatory system of Spatangus purpureus^ see R. Koehler, 
C. R. xciii. pp. 651-G53, Ann. N. H. (5) viii. pp. 451 & 452. 
Distribution, &c. 
Graeffe (Arb. z. Inst. Wien, iii. pp. 333-344) points out that develop- 
ing ^Echinoderms have many enemies, while adult forms have none ; in 
addition to their spines, large forms have a peculiarly disagreeable smell. 
Owing to their defensive characters, Echinoderms exhibit no mimicry, and 
are often brightly coloured. 
Bell, Ann. N. H. (5) viii. p. 441, points out that the strength of the 
spines appears to be, for littoral species of A steroid ea, inversely propor- 
tional to the solidity and compactness of the skeletal plates. 
For notes on deep-sea Echinoderms, see Studer, MT. Ges. Bern, 1881, 
pp. 13 & 14. 
For notes on and a list of the EcMnodermata of Mauritius, see Mobius, 
Beitriige zur Meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen 
(Berlin : 1880, 4to, pp. 46-50). 
E. Graeffe gives (Claus, Arb. iii. pp. 333-344) a list of the Echinoder- 
mata of the Gulf of Trieste, with notes on their habits, time of appear- 
ance, reproduction, &c. 
Arctic EcMnodermata ; Duncan & Sladen (14) ; and Bell in A. H. 
Markham’s “ Polar Reconnaissance” (London : 1881, 8vo), pp. 345 & .346. 
EcMnodermata of Ascension Island ; Bell, Ann. N. H. (5) viii. pp. 436 
& 437. 
EcMnodermata of the Straits of Magellan ; Bell (4). 
EcMnodermata of the Firth of Forth ; Leslie & Herdman, Pr. Phys. 
Soc. Edinb. vi. pp. 8.5-95. 
Poisonous qualities of the Starfish (Solaster papposus) ; Zool. 1881. 
p. 214. 
Observations on Echinoids in captivity ; Noll, Zool. Gart. xxii. 
pp. 137-147 : on Holothurians ; id. tom. cit, pp. 168-173. 
, ECHINOIDEA. 
Agassiz (1) describes as new : — 
Asthenosoma gracile, pp. 89-91. 
Phormosoma biirsarium, p. 99, P. asterias, P. rigidum^ p. 104. 
Paleopneustes murrayi altered to Linopneustes (subg. n.) murrayi^ 
pp. 167 & 168. 
ScMzaster jnoseleyi, p. 203. 
Moiropsis, g. n. Intermediate between Moira and ScMzaster^ but the 
generic differences not pointed out. For ScMzaster claudicans, A. Ag., 
p. 205. 
Strongylocentrotus buUatus, sp. n.. Bell (4); young specimen also described 
and figured. 
Mespilia wMtmcei (Samoa), Bell, P. Z. S. 1881, pp. 434-436. 
Temnopleurus cavernosa, sp. n. (young), J. E. T. Woods, P. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. V. pp. 493 & 494, pi. xv. 
