GENERA, SPECIES, &c.‘ 
Spang. 5 
it to differ but slightly from D. fragilis, Montagu, which appears to him 
to be Spongelia pallescens ; it is recorded from whole south coast of 
Australia and from Mauritius and Cape of Good Hope. 
SILICEA. 
Monactinellida (Zittel). 
CiiALiNiDTE (Carter). 
Gladochalina armigera^ Schmidt. A now var. described by Ridley, 
(12) p. 112, pi. X. fig. 2, from Hotspur Bank, off E. Brazil, as var. perga- 
mentacea. 
Echinonemata (Carter). 
Plocamia, (13) p. 477. Name altered by Ridley to Dirrhopalum ; 
closely allied to Clathria. Generic characters and species revised. Pro- 
bably exists fossil as early as Greensand. 
jD. {Plocamia) gymnazum^ p. 478, pi. xxix. figs. 1 & 2. 
Isodictya coriacea, Boworbank, (13) p. 481, pi. xxix. figs. 3-7, and 
Ihjmeraphia microcionides, Carter, Dictyocylindrus manaarensis, id., all 
referred by Ridley, 1. c., to the genus Dirrhopalum. 
Isodictya heaniy Bowerbank, = Glathriay (3) p. 485. 
Renieridal (Carter). 
Reniera fortior, Schmidt ?, (12) p. 126, pi. xi. fig. 3, Straits of 
Magellan. 
Schmidtia aulopora^ Schmidt, (12) p. 127 ; a var. described from S. W. 
Chili. 
Spongillid^ (Bowerbank). 
Spongilla, The chlorophyll which gives it its colour is due to the 
presence of a unicellular alga, termed by K. Brandt, SB. nat. Fr. 1881, 
p. 143, Zoochlorella parasitica, and probably identical with a form which 
occurs in fresh-water Planarians. 
Spongilla, (1). Name retained by Carter only for the species with 
acerate gern mule-spicules. The tendril-like appendages of the gemmule 
of some N. American species (see below) are described bj’^ H. J. Carter, 
Ann. N. H. (6) viii. p. 222, as a parasite, allied to the fibrils found in 
some IlircinicB ; he names it Spongiophaga pottsi, and figures and more 
fully describes it, tom. cit. p. 356, pi. xvii. figs. 1-8, and discusses its 
probable mode of action on the Sponge. 
Spongilla erinaceus, leidii, gregaria, jlumaiilis, meyeni, capewelli, plu- 
mosa, bailey i, referred by Carter (1) to new genus Meyema ; S. paulula, 
reticulata, and recurvata to new genus Tuhella ; S. batesi, browni, to new 
genus Parmula ; S. coralloides to provisional new genus Uruguaya, and 
recorded from Paraguay. 
Spongilla lacustris, recorded from Italy by P. Pavesi, Rend. 1st, Lomb. 
xiv. vi. [cited from Zool. Anz. iv. p. 200.] 
Spongilla fragilis, Leidy ; Potts, (11) p. 462. 
Spongilla fiuviatilis recorded by F. Leydig, among the fauna of the 
