6 Spong. 
SrONGlIDA. 
Rhine. Yerh. Ver. Rheinl. xxxviii. p. 150; by H. Petersen, Verb. 
Yer. Hamb. iv. p. 248, from the water-pipes of Hamburg. 
Spongilla tenosperma, Potts (tentasperma, olim), referred to Carterella ; 
Potts, (10) p. 150. 
Spongilla laciistris, var., H. Mills, in Am. Micr. J. vi. p. 30. [Not 
seen by the Recorder.] 
Carterella latitenia^ Potts, P. Ac. Philad. 1881, p. 176, Chester Creek. 
The tendril-like tubes are broad and ribbon-like. 
LuhomirsMa haicalensis. An account of its variations in form and 
size, and of the relations of its form to the depth of the water and other 
physical conditions, with enumeration of its known Crustacean parasites, 
comprising two species and one variety of Gammarns, given by. W. Dy- 
BOWSKi, Bull. Pdtersb. xxvii. p. 45. The normal maximum height is 
about 60 centimetres, but a bushy specimen has been found sufficiently 
large to fill the bag of the dredge. 
Gemmule or statoblast of Spongillidce (1), p. 82, stated by Carter to 
consist of an external “ crust,” granular or rarely cellular in structure, 
charged with the proper spicules of the gemmule ; next to this a homo- 
geneous “ chitinous coat,*' then a delicate transparent membrane, enclosing 
the germinal cells : the chitinous coat projects through the hilum. 
SuBERiTiDAS (Schmidt). 
Suherites fistulatus, Carter (2), p. 370 ; additional characters given. 
Alectona higgini, perhaps identical with Thoosa socialis^ according to 
Carter (2), p. 37. 
Hymeniaciclon dujardinif Bowerbank, nec Johnston, is referable to 
Hymedesmia ; id. (5), p. 243. 
Cliona. Nassonow (9) has studied the structure and growth in fine 
lamellae of oyster-shells upon which embryos had settled. The first step on 
the part of the Sponge after attachment is to send into the shell fine 
fiattened processes, arranged like rosettes ; at a certain depth in the shell 
these unite, and the intervening semicircular pieces of shell become 
detached, and are then ejected. An osculum then appears at the point 
at which the rosette is formed, and histological and general development 
progresses. The ectoderm consists of flattened cells united by processes ; 
the mesoderm is mostly made up of laminate masses of yellow cells. 
The ciliated chambers are globular, and lie in the walls of the excretory 
canals. 
Cliona celaia. Its ravages among the oysters of the French coast 
described by H. Giard, Bull. Sci. Nord. xiii. p. 71. In J. Quek. Club, 
vi. p. 251, pi. X. figs. 1, 2, 4, &c., and pi. xxi. figs. 1-7, J. G. Waller argues 
against the agency of the Sponge in forming the passages which it in- 
habits, citing the resemblance of the markings in their walls to those 
made by some boring beetles in wood, and the occurrence of an Annelid 
Worm in connection with them. Borings in Haliotis shell referred to 
action of this Sponge by B. W. Priest, J. Quek. Club, vi. p. 235, pi. xvii. 
fig. 6 ; the boring action of the Sponge further supported by the same 
writer, tom. cit. p. 269. 
Axona^ new group formed by Carter (2), p. 381, for Axos and its allies. 
