SPONGIIDA. 
10 Spong, 
Differs from Halichondria panicea by the spicules being twice as large as 
in that species. 
Trachytedania, Kidley, (12) p. 122. Differs from Tedania in spination 
of some of the acuate skeleton spicules. T. spinata^ id. 1. c. pi. x. fig. 10, 
S.W. Chili. 
Tedania tenuicapitata, id. 1. c. p. 124, pi. xi. fig. 1, S.W. Chili. 
Ciocalypta calva, Ridley, (12) p. 115, pi. x. fig. 7, Straits of Magellan. 
Spongillid^. 
Spongilla navicella, Carter, (1) p. 87, pi. v. fig. 4, River Amazon ; S. 
multiforis, id. 1. c. p. 88, pi. v. fig. 5, Chiluk-weyuk Lake, British Colum- 
bia ; S. nitens, id. 1. c. p. 89, pi. v. fig. 3, pi. vi. fig. 18, habitat ?. 
Meyenia^ Carter, (1) p. 90. Formed for those species of Spongilla the 
crust of whose gemmules is composed of birotulato spicules, if. anonyma^ 
id. 1. c. p. 95, pi. vi. fig. 12, River Amazon. 
Tuhella, Carter, (1) p. 96. Formed for those species of Spongilla the 
crust of whose gemmules is composed of birotulato spicules with a larger 
external and smaller internal head. 
Parmula^ Carter, (1) p. 98. Formed for species of Spongilla the crust 
of whose gemmules is composed of acerate and shield-shaped spicules. 
Uruguay a. Carter, (1) p; 100. Provisional genus formed for Spongilla 
coralloides, Bowerbank. 
Heteromeyeniay Potts, (10) p. 149. The birotulato spicules are of two 
different sizes in the same gemmules, the largest being fewer in number 
than the shorter ones. Based on H. argyrosperma and H. repens, which 
perhaps = Spongilla haileyi, Bowerbank, spp. nu., id. ibid. 
'Carterella, Potts, (10) p. 150. The tube forming the opening of the 
gemmule is elongated and divides into two or more tendrils which serve 
to attach the gemmule during winter. Based on Spongilla tenosperma 
and C. tuhisperma, sp. n., id. ibid. The author (11) combats the opinion 
of Carter that the tendril-like filaments of the gemmule of Carterella 
are of parasitic nature, maintainiug that they are tubular prolongations 
of the chitinous coat of the gemmule, their presence being constant, and 
growth being apparently unaffected by them. He compares them in 
structure and functions to hooks in the statoblasts of gelatinous fresh- 
water Polyzoa, as being like these, and as he finds that they increase in 
importance with the decreasing fitness of the Sponge to protect the gem- 
mules by the firmness of its own substance. 
SuBERITIDiE. 
Latrunculia purpurea, Carter, (2) p. 380, pi. xviii. fig. 5, Bass’s Straits. 
Cliona warreni, Carter, (2) p. 370, pi. xviii. fig. 6. Under Melobesia, 
Gulf of Manaar. 
Vioa carteri, Ridley, (12) p. 129, pi. xi. fig. 2, Victoria Bank, off S.E. 
Brazil ; colour crimson. 
Polymastia biclavata, J. Priest, J. Quek. Club, vi. p. 302, pi. xxiii. 
Belize, British Honduras. 
Alemo, Wright, (16) p. 15. Allied to Tetliya, but provided with two 
kinds of stalked mamillary projections occurring side by side, the one 
