2 Prot, 
PllOTOZOA. 
the connection of goitre with microrganisms, and supports Klebs’s obser- 
vations by recording certain Infusoria and Monads from water of districts 
in Italy where this disease prevails. He also discusses the presence of 
microrganisms in potable water. 
5. Pauona, C. Prime recherche intorno ai Protisti del Lago d’Orta, 
con cenno della loro corologia italiana. Op. cit. ii. [1880] p. 17. 
Gives a classified list of the 38 different species of Protista (including 
Bacteria and Ciliata) found in the Lake of Orta, and discusses the group 
M onera, Hackel ; 5 true Protozoa are new to the Italian fauna. 
6. Ryder, J. A. The Protozoa and Protophytes considered as the 
primary or indirect source of the Food of Fishes. Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm. 1881, p. 23G. 
Protozoa largely consumed by Crustacea^ which in turn serve as food 
for fishes. Individual species of Protozoa enumerated from various locali- 
ties on the coast of the United States. 
Cattaneo, G. Le individualiti animali. Atti Soc. Ital. xxii. [1880] 
p. 223. 
Constructs a morphological classification of the Animal Kingdom based 
on the combinations of the ultimate elements, into plastidules, plastids, 
gastreids, hypergastreids, cormi, which it exhibits. (See Classification.) 
A. Certes gives accounts of processes for staining, preparing and 
preserving microscopic organisms, C. R. xcii. p. 424, and Bull. Soc. Z. Fr. 
vi. pp. 21, 36, 226 & 228, in which he recommends the use of dyes 
which stain the protoplasm during life. Weak solutions of cyauiii 
blue or Bismarck-brown stain Infusoria without killing them ; the former 
reagent colours the general protoplasm, and especially fatty granules, 
not the nucleus, and produces a kind of intoxication. Certain Paris 
violet dyes colour the nucleus in the living state, and most of them stain 
the cilia and liquid of the contractile vacuole. 
J. B. Haycraet, in “ Theory to account for certain movements exhi- 
bited by low forms of Animal Life, and termed Amoeboid,’’ P. R. Soc. 
Edinb. xi. p. 29, holds that the movements are perhaps produced by con- 
tractions of the stroma, as distinguished from the iuterstromal matter ; 
the latter probably composes the pseudopodia, and the extrusion of these 
organs is perhaps caused by the contraction of the stroma which sur- 
rounds them. The theory is supported by experiments made with an 
india-rubber ball half-full of coloured egg-albumen, pierced with holes, 
and immersed in a strong solution of sugar ; pressure of the finger on one 
of the holes causes coloured pseudopodia to issue from the others. 
W. S. Kent. “ The Myxomycetes or Mycetozoa ; Animals or Plants ? ” 
Pop. Sci. Rev. (n.s.) v. p. 97, pis. iii. & iv. Advocates the animal hypo- 
thesis of the nature of the Myxomycetes, as supported by.observation of 
genesis of monadiform flagellate germs which assume an amoeboid con- 
dition, from spores of Physarum. The stellate calcareous bodies of the 
