THE GENERAL SUBJECT. 
Prot . 3 
outer wall of the sporangium are compared to the stellate spicules of the 
Tethyid Sponges, 
F. Kkasan . “ Bericht in Betreff neuer Untersuchungeu iiber die Ent- 
wickelung und den Ursprung der niedrigsten Organismen.” Verb. z.-b. 
Wien, XXX. p. 251, pi. vii. Supports energetically the hypothesis of 
archebiosis, and enforces his argument by actual instances of evolution of 
Infusoria and Monads from non-living matter stated to have been 
observed by him. 
L. Maggi. “GP invisibili del Varesotto.” Boll, scient. iii. p. 91. A 
popular sketch of the Protista of recent and fossil times. 
K. Roser. “ Beitrage zur Biologie niederster Organismen.” Marburg : 
1881, 8vo, 1 pi. Cited from abstracts in Kosmos, ix. p. 475, and J. R. 
Micr. Soc. (2) i. p. 901. Records experiments on the adaptability of 
fresh -water to solutions containing salts. Roser employed milk, 
urine, and blood, and experimented chiefly on Polytoma uvella. Sudden 
addition of a large proportion of saline liquid causes temporary contrac- 
tion of the protoplasm and cessation of ciliary movement, which can bo 
revived by addition of fresh water. By gradually increasing the propor- 
tion of saline elements in the liquid, the Flagellate is fitted for life 
and reproduction in undiluted blood. From these experiments Roser 
believes that it is the saline, rather than the alkaline, compounds of the 
body which affect septic organisms introduced into it. 
O. Schmidt gives a general account of the structure and habits of the 
Protozoa, well illustrated by woodcuts, in Brehm’s Thierleben, vol. x. 
Leipzig : 1878, 8vo. 
K. Semper. *• Die natiirlichen Existenzbedingungen der Thiere.” 
Leipzig : 1880. Figures several common Protozoa in illustration of his 
remarks on this. Translated into English as “ The Natural Conditions 
of Existence as they affet;t Animal Life.” London : 1881, 8vo (Internat. 
Scient. Series). 
The green particles occurring in many Protozoa, Sponges, Hydrozoa 
and Turhellaria are described as a genus of unicellular Algce, Zoochlo- 
rella, Brandt, (18) infra, with the species conductrix andi parasitica. 
E. G. Baldiani. Les Orgauismes Unicellulaires. Les Protozoaires. 
J. Microgr. v. pp. 63, 116, &c. 
A. Seip. Parasites of White Ants. Am. Micr. J. ii. p. 288. 
[Not seen by the Recorder.] 
FauNtE. 
Italy, see Maggi & Parona, above. 
Classification. 
H. Burmeister, “ Description physique de la Republique Argentine.” 
Buenos Aires : 1879 (from the German) iii. pt. i. 24, divides Protozoa into 
the four Orders — Infusoria, Rhizopoda, Flagellata, and Monera. 
