RHIZOPODA. 
Prot. 13 
28. Parona, C. Intorno alia corologia dei Rizopodi. Boll, sclent, ii. 
[1880], p. 43. 
A comparison of the Rhizopodan fauna of America with those of 
Europe and Italy. 40 species (enumerated) are common to Europe (ex- 
clusive of Italy) and America ; 16 are common to America and Italy. 
This extensive agreement between the two continents is due to similar 
conditions causing the development of similar species. 
J. Leidy, P. Ac. Philad. 1881, p. 9, under the heading, “ Rhizopods as 
Food for Young Fishes,” gives the results of the examination of the 
contents of the intestines of two species of Catastomidce ; Myxostoma 
inacrolejndotum, from Maciuavv Creokj North America, produced Difflugia 
globuloKa and acuminata ; Eremyzon succelta produced Difflugia, 3 spp., 
Arcclla, 2 spp., aud a doubtful form. 
Nunn. On production of Amonhce from yelk of egg ; Am. J. Micr. vi. 
p. 24. Cited from J. R. Micr. Soc. (2)i. p. 47.3. (From infusion of egg 
in Pasteur’s solution.) 
B. Gkassi. Contribuzioue alio studio delle Arnibe. Rend. 1st. Lomb. 
(2) xiv. 
R. Hitchcock. Synopsis of the Fresh-water Rhizopods. New York : 
1881, 8vo. A condensed account of the systematic part of Leidy’s 
Fresh-water Rhizopods of North America [see Zool. Rec. xvi.], with the 
diagnoses (sometimes condensed or slightly amplified). 
K. MObius. “ Ueber die Bedoutungder Foraminiferen fur die Abstam- 
mungs-lehre.” TB. Vers. Naturf. 1881, p. 81. [Not seen by the Recorder.] 
Geographical Distribution. 
Butschli (20) gives tables of the distribution of the genera of the 
Jihizopoda,s. str., which show that in spite of the limited extent to which 
the subject has been studied, most of the fresh-water genera are known to 
be almost cosmopolitan in their range. Of the marine genera, a very large 
number are cosmopolitan. About half the 70 Calcareous genera and sub- 
genera are wanting in the Arctic seas, and none are peculiar to these or 
to the North Temperate area ; thus the warmer regions are the most 
favoured. But while on the one hand many genera have an increased 
number of species in tropical regions, a greater number are as prolific 
in species in temperate as in tropical waters. 12 genera are peculiar 
to tropical regions. The more complicated forms, as a rule, affect the 
warmer regions. 
Arctic Seas. Table of distribution of the species obtained on the west 
side of Novaya Zemlya, and on the coast of Franz-Josef Land, by the 
Austro-Hungarian Expedition, given by Brady, (17). These localities 
differ from the American side of the Arctic Ocean in having the Arenaceous 
forms Rheophaxdifflugiiformis,R. scorpiurus, and Haplophragmium nanum, 
genendly distributed. Lagena diminishes in frequency towards the north , 
while most Arenaceous forms are large and abundant there. 
