16 Prot 
PROTOZOA. 
form the Dictyospyris group, &c., but a sharp distinction between the 
types is not possible. Spiridohotrys, Hackel, should be included in the 
family, 
Cyrtida, Hackel, (21) p. 512 : no true Monocyrtida exist, as in all species 
the test is divided into two by a septum. Hackel’s other subdivisions are 
also unnatural. 
Clathrocanium, Diciyophimus, Lithomelissa : characters revised (21). 
Lists of the species assignable to the two latter are given. 
Folycyrtida, Hackel: Lithohotrys, Botryocampe, Arachnocorys^ Eu.ce- 
cryphalus^ Pterocanium^ Fodocyrtis, Rhopalocanium : characters revised 
and lists of species given for most genera by Bl'tschli, (21) pp. 519-526. 
Natural groups of species range themselves around the genera Cycla- 
dophora, Thyrsocyrtis, Eucyrtidium, Lithostrobus, LUhomitra. 
Some species of Fterocanium are placed with other forms under the 
new genus, Fterocyrtidium. Lithopera, Lithochytris, Anthocyrtis, Calo- 
cyclas, Fterocodon, Dictyocephalus, Carpocanium, Cryptoprora, Litharach- 
nium, Cornutella : characters revised and lists of species given by Biitschli, 
1 . c. 
Wagner ellida, new Family of Heliozoa established by C. Mebescii- 
KOWSKY, Ann. N. H. (5) viii. p. 290, for the organism originally described 
by him as a Calcareous Sponge under the name Wagnerella borealis the 
spicules are siliceous. The Family is characterized by the formation of 
a skeleton of separate spicules, and the presence of a peduncle for 
attachment. 
Wagnerella borealis : P. Mayer, Zool. Anz. iv. p. 592, now states that 
he has repeatedly observed pseudopodia, their structure and activity, in 
this form, and recommends fluoric acid for the study of this and other 
forms containing silex. 
Heliozoa. 
The group dealt with by Butschli, (20) p. 267, as distinct from 
Radiolaria. Its most constant characteristics are those of the pseu- 
dopodia; though exceptions occur even here, in which the amoeboid 
type of pseudopodia is represented ; it may even replace the ordinary 
form: It seems probable that all species possess a nucleus. This organ 
shows a very close resemblance to that of the Rhizopoda, st. str. The wide 
distribution, but irregular occurrence, of green chlorophyll in these Pro- 
tozoa is commented on. Free upward movements of the animal in liquids 
will probably prove to be caused by the development of gas within the body. 
Butschli believes in a wide-spread occurrence of a true skeleton in these 
forms, whether constructed of gelatinous, siliceous, or foreign material. 
The reproductive processes resemble very closely those of the Rhizopoda. 
They consist of fission — sometimes accompanied by formation of colonies 
— formation of spores, and encystation combined with conjugation and 
copulation (the last is not yet proved to result in actual multiplication of 
individuals). 
The systematic account of the divisions of the Heliozoa, down to 
genera, is commenced by Butschli, (20) p. 318. He adopts as the four 
main divisions, Aphrothoraca, Chalarothoraca, and Fesmothoraca, of 
