FLAGELLATA^ MONADS^ &c. 
ProL 27 
oral pole of the Flagellata to represent the hinder and ab-oral pole of the 
Ciliata. At p. 273, he classifies the Ciliojlagellata as follows : — 
Fam. 1. Adinida. Body compressed ; both flagellum and cilia placed at 
the anterior pole ; neither transverse nor longitudinal furrows ; a 
membrane present. Genus Prorocentrum. 
Fam. 2. Dinifera. A transverse, and usually also a longitudinal, furrow 
occurs ; flagellum more or less displaced backwards from the anterior 
end ; naked or provided with a membrane. 
Subfam. 1. Dinopliyida. Genera, Dinophysis, Amphidinium. 
Subfam. 2. Peridinida. Genera, Protoperidinium, Peridinium^ Proto- 
ceratium, Cei'atium, Diplopsalis^ Glenodinium. 
Subfam. 3. Gymnodinida. Genera, Gymnodinium, Hemidinium^ Poly- 
krikos \_-cricus]. 
The Adinida appear to connect the group with the Flagellata. Phylo- 
genetic trees are given to show the mutual relations of the chief forms. 
PuLSATORiA, a new sub-class of Infusoria^ formed by Geddes, (33a), to 
contain Pulsatella^ g. n. (infra). 
Genera, Species, &c.. Referred to. 
Systematic descriptions, with synonyms, are given by Kent, (10) 
pp. 433-469, of those families, genera, and species of the Flagellate 
/y^Msoria which were not included in parts 1-3 of the Manual of the 
Infusoria. Many, viz., in Order Cilioflagellata and part of Flagellata- 
Fustomata,oi the species are figured ; only the new genera and species 
are noticed below. The now families Sphenomonadidcn, Heteromastigidce, 
Mallomonadidm, Stephanomonadidm.^ and Trichonemidae are established. 
The following are the chief general results of Bergh’s anatomical 
studies of the Cilioflagellata^ (32) p. 266. These forms are bilaterally 
asymmetrical (but see Frorocenirum, infra) ; a cell-membrane is wanting 
in but two genera, and consists of cellulose or a similar carbo-hydrate. 
The protoplasm is probably always differentiated into an ectoplasm and 
an endoplasm, the former of very simple structure in the testaceous, but 
variously differentiated in the naked forms ; the latter contains either 
chlorophyll, diatomin, and starch, or an amyloid allied to the latter, or 
else the remains of other organisms, or none of these. Existence of con- 
tractile vacuole not proved. Nucleus usually single. The cilia are placed 
either directly in the anterior margin of the body, or on either one or two 
contractile bands which lie in the transverse furrow. Little is known with 
certainty as to reproduction in the group ; both fission and conjugation 
occur. The former takes place either in the free or encysted state, or in 
an intermediate state, in which the animal is entirely withdrawn within 
its membrane. 
Peridinium tahulatum, cinctum, apiculatum, and Cei'atium furca^ syno- 
nyms and distribution; they all occur in the Lake of Lobbio (Trent). 
Maggi (2). 
Ceratium characterized and species classified and characterized by 
Bergh, (32) pp. 195& 216. 
